Articles

Voriconazole and posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring: a retrospective study

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aims to minimize the clinical impact of posaconazole and voriconazole pharmacokinetic variability. However, its benefits on clinical outcomes are still being defined. Addition...

Authors: Whitley M. Yi, Kelly E. Schoeppler, Jaclyn Jaeger, Scott W. Mueller, Robert MacLaren, Douglas N. Fish and Tyree H. Kiser

Diagnostic testing for Legionnaires’ disease

Legionnaires’ disease is commonly diagnosed clinically using a urinary antigen test. The urinary antigen test is highly accurate for L. pneumophila serogroup 1, however other diagnostic tests should also be utili...

Authors: David M. Pierre, Julianne Baron, Victor L. Yu and Janet E. Stout

Transmission and characterization of bla _NDM-1 in Enterobacter cloacae at a teaching hospital in Yunnan, China

In recent years, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases 1 (bla _NDM-1) has been reported with increasing frequency and become prevalent. The present study was undertaken to investigate the ep...

Authors: Na Du, Shumin Liu, Min Niu, Yong Duan, Shuangmeng Zhang, Jing Yao, Jian Mao, Ran Chen and Yan Du

Extreme diversity and multiple SCCmec elements in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus found in the Clinic and Community in Beijing, China

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are recognized as a large reservoir of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) harboured by Staphylococcus aureus. However, data of SCCmec in CoNS are relatively ab...

Authors: Xiao-Ping Chen, Wen-Ge Li, Hao Zheng, Hai-Yan Du, Li Zhang, Lei Zhang, Jie Che, Yuan Wu, Shu-Mei Liu and Jin-Xing Lu

PknB remains an essential and a conserved target for drug development in susceptible and MDR strains of M. Tuberculosis

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) protein kinase B (PknB) which is now proved to be essential for the growth and survival of M.tb, is a transmembrane protein with a potential to be a good drug target. However...

Authors: Anamika Gupta, Sudhir K. Pal, Divya Pandey, Najneen A. Fakir, Sunita Rathod, Dhiraj Sinha, S. SivaKumar, Pallavi Sinha, Mycal Periera, Shilpa Balgam, Gomathi Sekar, K. R. UmaDevi, Shampa Anupurba and Vijay Nema

Molecular determination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from raw meat in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Consumption of meat contaminated by E. coli causes a serious illness and even death to affected individuals. Recently the emerging of antibiotic resistant foodborne E. coli poses serious public health risks world...

Authors: Yohannes Equar Messele, Reta Duguma Abdi, Shimels Tikuye Yalew, Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne, Bezina Arega Emeru and Gebremeskel Mamu Werid

Second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication causing antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rarely develops into antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC), in which the etiology of colitis remains unclear. We herein report a ...

Authors: Kazuyuki Tanaka, Mikihiro Fujiya, Aki Sakatani, Shugo Fujibayashi, Yoshiki Nomura, Nobuhiro Ueno, Shin Kashima, Takuma Goto, Junpei Sasajima, Kentaro Moriichi and Toshikatsu Okumura

An assessment on the role of endophytic microbes in the therapeutic potential of Fagonia indica

Natural products of animals, plants and microbes are potential source of important chemical compounds, with diverse applications including therapeutics. Endophytic bacteria that are especially associated with ...

Authors: Lubna Rahman, Zabta K. Shinwari, Irum Iqrar, Lutfur Rahman and Faouzia Tanveer

Influence of borderline cefepime MIC on the outcome of cefepime-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia treated with a maximal cefepime dose: a hospital-based retrospective study

We assessed the influence of current cefepime minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints and the maximal cefepime dose on treatment outcomes in patients with bacteremia caused by cefepime-susceptible Pseu...

Authors: Ting-Yi Su, Jung-Jr Ye, Chien-Chang Yang, Ching-Tai Huang, Ju-Hsin Chia and Ming-Hsun Lee

Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness of clinically Acinetobacter baumanii isolates conferring increased resistance to the first and second generations of tetracyclines in Iran

The increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics has recently been regarded as a notable therapeutic difficulty. Evaluating resistance rates of some A. baumannii isolates to tetracyclines had a...

Authors: Zahra Meshkat, Himen Salimizand, Yousef Amini, Mostafa Khakshoor, Davoud Mansouri, Hadi Farsiani, Kiarash Ghazvini and Adel Najafi

Antimicrobial susceptibility among Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms collected from the Latin American region between 2004 and 2015 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial

The in vitro activity of tigecycline and comparator agents was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates collected in Latin American centers between 2004 and 2015 as part of the Tigecycline Ev...

Authors: Silvio Vega and Michael J. Dowzicky

Prevalence of multi drug resistant enteropathogenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolated from children with and without diarrhea in Northeast Indian population

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli are associated with infantile diarrhea in the developing countries. The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of enteropathoge...

Authors: Karuppasamy Chellapandi, Tapan Kumar Dutta, Indu Sharma, Surajit De Mandal, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar and Lalsanglura Ralte

Comparison of in-house and commercial real time-PCR based carbapenemase gene detection methods in Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacterial isolates

Carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria are increasing globally and have been associated with outbreaks in hospital settings. Thus, the accurate detection of these bacteria in infections is mandatory fo...

Authors: M. Smiljanic, M. Kaase, P. Ahmad-Nejad and B. Ghebremedhin

Parasitological and biochemical studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shara’b District, Taiz, Yemen

The leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by intracellular haemoflagellate protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Leishmaniasis has diverse clinical manifestations; cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the...

Authors: Qhtan Asmaa, Salwa AL-Shamerii, Mohammed Al-Tag, Adam AL-Shamerii, Yiping Li and Bashir H. Osman

Profiling of antibiotic resistance of bacterial species recovered from routine clinical isolates in Ethiopia

With the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance in African countries, the need for a surveillance system in the region has become pressing. The rapid expansion of data networks makes it possible to set up heal...

Authors: Robert-Jan ten Hove, Melaku Tesfaye, Witold Frederik ten Hove and Mesfin Nigussie

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections using a novel isothermal simultaneous RNA amplification testing method in infertile males

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in infertile men that consulted our outpatient...

Authors: Ling Qing, Qi-Xiang Song, Jian-Li Feng, Hai-Yan Li, Guiming Liu and Hai-Hong Jiang

Molecular characterization of clinical IMP-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a Chinese Tertiary Hospital

IMP-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (IMPKpn) exhibits sporadic prevalence in China. The mechanisms related to the spread of IMPKpn remain unclear.

Authors: Kaisheng Lai, Yanning Ma, Ling Guo, Jingna An, Liyan Ye and Jiyong Yang

Tuberculosis arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint after uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a case report

Malaria and tuberculosis are co-endemic in many developing countries. However their associations are rarely reported. Yet, it has been suggested that a pathological process may link the two diseases.

Authors: Boundia Djiba, Baidy Sy Kane, Mamadou Alpha Diallo, Khadim Diongue, Ngoné Diaba Diack, Hamidou Deme, Mouhamed Dieng, Maimouna Sow, Daouda Ndiaye and Abdoulaye Pouye

Effect of the 2014 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute urine-specific breakpoints on cefazolin susceptibility rates at a community teaching hospital

Enterobacteriaceae, which include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are identified as the infectious etiology in the majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in community hospital...

Authors: Daniel B. Chastain, Ijang Ngando, Christopher M. Bland, Carlos Franco-Paredes and W. Anthony Hawkins

A pre-therapeutic coating for medical devices that prevents the attachment of Candida albicans

Hospital acquired fungal infections are defined as “never events”—medical errors that should never have happened. Systemic Candida albicans infections results in 30–50% mortality rates. Typically, adhesion to abi...

Authors: Diego Vargas-Blanco, Aung Lynn, Jonah Rosch, Rony Noreldin, Anthony Salerni, Christopher Lambert and Reeta P. Rao

Patients with community-acquired bacteremia of unknown origin: clinical characteristics and usefulness of microbiological results for therapeutic issues: a single-center cohort study

Bacteremia of unknown origin (BUO) are associated with increased mortality compared to those with identified sources. Microbiological data of those patients could help to characterize an appropriate empirical ...

Authors: Johan Courjon, Elisa Demonchy, Nicolas Degand, Karine Risso, Raymond Ruimy and Pierre-Marie Roger

Enzyme-mediated formulation of stable elliptical silver nanoparticles tested against clinical pathogens and MDR bacteria and development of antimicrobial surgical thread

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are believed to be emerging tool against various infectious diseases including multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In the present study, in vitro synthesis of AgNPs was optimized ...

Authors: Rupak Thapa, Chintan Bhagat, Pragya Shrestha, Suvash Awal and Pravin Dudhagara

Determinants of felt demand for dengue vaccines in the North Caribbean region of Colombia

The increasing burden associated with dengue in Latin America makes it essential to understand the community’s interest in acquiring vaccines, as an input to plan its introduction in endemic regions. The objec...

Authors: Yalil T. Bracho-Churio, Ruth A. Martínez-Vega, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, Ronald G. Díaz-Quijano, María L. Luna-González and Fredi A. Diaz-Quijano

Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri strain SP1, a diarrheal isolate that encodes an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)

Shigellosis is the most common cause of gastrointestinal infections in developing countries. In China, the species most frequently responsible for shigellosis is Shigella flexneri. S. flexneri remains largely une...

Authors: Ping Shen, Jianzhong Fan, Lihua Guo, Jiahua Li, Ang Li, Jing Zhang, Chaoqun Ying, Jinru Ji, Hao Xu, Beiwen Zheng and Yonghong Xiao

Vitamin D deficiency among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their tuberculosis negative household contacts in Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that increases the immunity against tuberculosis (TB), decreases the re-activation of latent TB and reduces the severity of active TB disease. Epidemiological studies on the ...

Authors: Belay Tessema, Feleke Moges, Dereje Habte, Nebiyu Hiruy, Shewaye Yismaw, Kassahun Melkieneh, Yewulsew Kassie, Belaineh Girma, Muluken Melese and Pedro G. Suarez

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci from imported beef meat

The objectives of this study were to characterize the diversity and magnitude of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus species recovered from imported beef meat sold in the Egyptian market and the potenti...

Authors: Kamelia Osman, Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez, Lorena Ruiz, Jihan Badr, Fatma ElHofy, Khalid S. Al-Maary, Ihab M. I. Moussa, Ashgan M. Hessain, Ahmed Orabi, Alaa Saad and Mohamed Elhadidy

The emergence of a novel sequence type of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii from the intensive care unit of an Egyptian tertiary care hospital

Acinetobacter baumannii is known for nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the clonal relationship of A. bau...

Authors: Doaa Mohammad Ghaith, Mai Mahmoud Zafer, Mohamed Hamed Al-Agamy, Essam J. Alyamani, Rayan Y. Booq and Omar Almoazzamy

Detection of a CTX-M group 2 beta-lactamase gene in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a tertiary care hospital, Trinidad and Tobago

Identification of the prevalence and spread of ESBL-mediated antibiotic resistance is essential especially in the hospital setting. It is for this reason, more and more studies are highlighting the importance ...

Authors: Paul Cheddie, Francis Dziva and Patrick Eberechi Akpaka

Molecular characteristic of mcr-1 producing Escherichia coli in a Chinese university hospital

Colistin has been considered as a last-line treatment option in severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative pathogens. However, the emergence of the mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1)...

Authors: Qing-wen He, Xiao-hong Xu, Fang-jun Lan, Zhi-chang Zhao, Zhi-yun Wu, Ying-ping Cao and Bin Li

Recurrent Scedosporium apiospermum mycetoma successfully treated by surgical excision and terbinafine treatment: a case report and review of the literature

Scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging opportunistic filamentous fungus, which is notorious for its high levels of antifungal-resistance. It is able to cause localized cutaneous or su...

Authors: Eszter J. Tóth, Géza R. Nagy, Mónika Homa, Marianna Ábrók, Ildikó É. Kiss, Gábor Nagy, Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő, Lajos Kemény, Edit Urbán, Csaba Vágvölgyi and Tamás Papp

Erratum to: Antibiotic resistance and biofilm production among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal

Authors: Ankit Belbase, Narayan Dutt Pant, Krishus Nepal, Bibhusan Neupane, Rikesh Baidhya, Reena Baidya and Binod Lekhak

Antibiotic resistant airborne bacteria and their multidrug resistance pattern at University teaching referral Hospital in South Ethiopia

Hospitals provide a reservoir of microorganisms, many of which are multi-resistant to antibiotics. Emergence of multi-drug resistant strains in a hospital environment, particularly in developing countries is a...

Authors: Fithamlak Bisetegen Solomon, Fiseha Wada Wadilo, Amsalu Amache Arota and Yishak Leka Abraham

Factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics among the general population at a Medical College Campus in Guangzhou, South China

The nasal cavity is the main colonization site of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in human body. Nasal carriage may be a strong risk factor for some serious infection. There was still limited information about ...

Authors: B. J. Chen, X. Y. Xie, L. J. Ni, X. L. Dai, Y. Lu, X. Q. Wu, H. Y. Li, Y. D. Yao and S. Y. Huang

Dose-dependent artificial prolongation of prothrombin time by interaction between daptomycin and test reagents in patients receiving warfarin: a prospective in vivo clinical study

Daptomycin has been reported to cause artificial prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) by interacting with some test reagents of PT. This prolongation was particularly prominent with high concentrations of dap...

Authors: Makoto Saito, Shuji Hatakeyama, Hideki Hashimoto, Takumitsu Suzuki, Daisuke Jubishi, Makoto Kaneko, Yukio Kume, Takehito Yamamoto, Hiroshi Suzuki and Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi

Babesiosis in Long Island: review of 62 cases focusing on treatment with azithromycin and atovaquone

Babesiosis is a potentially life-threatening, tick-borne infection endemic in New York. The purpose of this study was to review recent trends in babesiosis management and outcomes focusing on patients, who wer...

Authors: Ekaterina A. Kletsova, Eric D. Spitzer, Bettina C. Fries and Luis A. Marcos

High fluoroquinolone MIC is associated with fluoroquinolone treatment failure in urinary tract infections caused by fluoroquinolone susceptible Escherichia coli

Suboptimal clinical response to fluoroquinolone (FQ) therapy has been clearly documented in patients with Salmonella typhi infection with reduced FQ susceptibility. However, the clinical impact of reduced FQ s...

Authors: Pinyo Rattanaumpawan, Irving Nachamkin, Warren B. Bilker, Jason A. Roy, Joshua P. Metlay, Theoklis E. Zaoutis and Ebbing Lautenbach

The efficacy and safety of tigecycline for the treatment of bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with high mortality rates. Due to tigecycline has shown excellent in vitro activity against most pathogens, tigecycline is selected as one of the candi...

Authors: Jian Wang, Yaping Pan, Jilu Shen and Yuanhong Xu

Molecular characterization of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated before and after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in Casablanca, Morocco

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among children and the elderly. The ability to effectively treat pneumococcal infection has b...

Authors: Idrissa Diawara, Abouddihaj Barguigua, Khalid Katfy, Kaotar Nayme, Houria Belabbes, Mohammed Timinouni, Khalid Zerouali and Naima Elmdaghri

Citrobacter braakii bacteremia-induced septic shock after colonoscopy preparation with polyethylene glycol in a critically ill patient: a case report

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used for bowel cleaning in preparation for colonoscopy because of its safety. Septic shock after PEG preparation is an extremely rare complication. Herein, we describe a cas...

Authors: Tetsuya Yumoto, Yoshiyasu Kono, Seiji Kawano, Chihiro Kamoi, Atsuyoshi Iida, Motoko Nose, Keiji Sato, Toyomu Ugawa, Hiroyuki Okada, Yoshihito Ujike and Atsunori Nakao

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in camel in Egypt: potential human hazard

The rapid increase of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a potential health hazard. Development of antimicrobial resistance in animal pathogens has serious implications for human he...

Authors: Mahmoud Elhariri, Dalia Hamza, Rehab Elhelw and Sohad M. Dorgham

Antibiotic consumption in laboratory confirmed vs. non-confirmed bloodstream infections among very low birth weight neonates in Poland

Newborns are a population in which antibiotic consumption is extremely high. Targeted antibiotic therapy should help to reduce antibiotics consumption. The aim of this study was an assessment of antibiotic usa...

Authors: A. Różańska, J. Wójkowska-Mach, P. Adamski, M. Borszewska-Kornacka, E. Gulczyńska, M. Nowiczewski, E. Helwich, A. Kordek, D. Pawlik and M. Bulanda

Killing of Serratia marcescens biofilms with chloramphenicol

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium with proven resistance to multiple antibiotics and causative of catheter-associated infections. Bacterial colonization of catheters mainly...

Authors: Christopher Ray, Anukul T. Shenoy, Carlos J. Orihuela and Norberto González-Juarbe

Systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) has aroused widespread attention owing to its very limited therapeutic options, and this strain has increased rapidly in recent years. Although it is accepted that drug r...

Authors: Liangfei Xu, Xiaoxi Sun and Xiaoling Ma

Activity of AMP2041 against human and animal multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to public health. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a relevant pathogen causing human and animal infections, frequently displaying high levels of resistance to commonly used a...

Authors: Clotilde Silvia Cabassi, Andrea Sala, Davide Santospirito, Giovanni Loris Alborali, Edoardo Carretto, Giovanni Ghibaudo and Simone Taddei

Higher atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (a-EPEC) bacterial loads in children with diarrhea are associated with PCR detection of the EHEC factor for adherence 1/lymphocyte inhibitory factor A (efa1/lifa) gene

Typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (t-EPEC) are known to cause diarrhea in children but it is uncertain whether atypical EPEC (a-EPEC) do, since a-EPEC lack the bundle-forming pilus (bfp) gene that encodes...

Authors: Robert Slinger, Kimberley Lau, Michael Slinger, Ioana Moldovan and Francis Chan

Antibiotic resistance and biofilm production among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus/wound swab samples in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal

The increasing drug resistance along with inducible clindamycin resistance, methicillin resistance and biofilm production among the strains of Staphylococcus aureus are present as the serious problems to the succ...

Authors: Ankit Belbase, Narayan Dutt Pant, Krishus Nepal, Bibhusan Neupane, Rikesh Baidhya, Reena Baidya and Binod Lekhak

Mycobacterium goodii endocarditis following mitral valve ring annuloplasty

Mycobacterium goodii is an infrequent human pathogen which has been implicated in prosthesis related infections and penetrating injuries. It is often initially misidentified as a gram-...

Authors: Rohan B. Parikh and Matthew Grant

Occurrence of bla _DHA-1 mediated cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli and their transcriptional response against cephalosporin stress: a report from India

Treatment alternatives for DHA-1 harboring strains are challenging as it confers resistance to broad spectrum cephalosporins and may further limit treatment option when expressed at higher levels. Therefore, t...

Authors: Birson Ingti, Deepjyoti Paul, Anand Prakash Maurya, Debajyoti Bora, Debadatta Dhar Chanda, Atanu Chakravarty and Amitabha Bhattacharjee

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans osteomyelitis in a 12 year old boy: case report emphasizing the importance of tissue culture, and review of literature

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans most commonly causes periodontitis but has been reported to infect heart valves, soft tissue, brain and lungs, and distal bones. Osteomyelitis dis...

Authors: Ketaki Sharma, Poonam Mudgil, John S. Whitehall and Iain Gosbell

A super-infection in the cornea caused by Stemphylium, Acremonium, and α-Streptococcus

Polymicrobial keratitis with fungus and bacteria can lead to blindness and is challenging to treat. Here, we introduce a case of fungal keratitis caused by two different strains in addition to definite bacteri...

Authors: Fumika Hotta, Hiroshi Eguchi, Keiko Nishimura, Masahiro Kogiso, Mayumi Ishimaru, Shunji Kusaka, Yoshikazu Shimomura and Takashi Yaguchi