Articles

In vitro activity of ceftazidime–avibactam and comparators against Gram-negative bacterial isolates collected in the Asia–Pacific region as part of the INFORM program (2015–2017)

Antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial Gram-negative pathogens is a cause for concern in the Asia–Pacific region. The aims of this study were to measure the rates of resistance among clinical isolates colle...

Authors: Wen-Chien Ko and Gregory G. Stone

The risk of vancomycin toxicity in patients with liver impairment

The influence of liver disease on the pharmacokinetic profile, the risk of acute kidney injury, and excessive drug exposure in patients treated with vancomycin was examined.

Authors: Luigi Brunetti, Jong Hwa Song, David Suh, Heui Jae Kim, Yeon Hee Seong, Dae Song Lee, Seung-Mi Lee and Dong-Churl Suh

The emergence of the hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) strains among circulating clonal complex 147 (CC147) harbouring bla_NDM/OXA-48 carbapenemases in a tertiary care center of Iran

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a public health concern because of its ability to develop multidrug resistance and hypervirulent genotypes, of those capsular types K1 and K2 cause community and nosocomial life-threateni...

Authors: Omid Pajand, Narges Darabi, Maedeh Arab, Raheb Ghorbani, Zakaria Bameri, Ali Ebrahimi and Zoya Hojabri

Comparison of fungal and bacterial keratitis between tropical and subtropical Taiwan: a prospective cohort study

Fungal keratitis (FK) has been shown to be a climate-sensitive disease. The differentiation between FK from bacterial keratitis (BK) was difficult. The purpose of this study was to compare the bacteriology and...

Authors: Chih-An Chen, Shiuh-Liang Hsu, Ching-Hsi Hsiao, David Hui-Kang Ma, Chi-Chin Sun, Hun-Ju Yu, Po-Chiung Fang and Ming-Tse Kuo

Investigation of biofilm production and its association with genetic and phenotypic characteristics of OM (osteomyelitis) and non-OM orthopedic Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a primary pathogen of orthopedic infections. By mediating antimicrobial resistance, S. aureus biofilm plays an important role in the recalcitrance of orthopedic infections, especially for...

Authors: Shengpeng Yu, Bei Jiang, Chao Jia, Hongri Wu, Jie Shen, Xiaomei Hu and Zhao Xie

Ceftobiprole: a potential empirical post-operative monotherapy in prosthetic joint infections

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro susceptibility to ceftobiprole of clinical strains identified from prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) compared to that of the associations currently recommended for post-o...

Authors: Claire Duployez, Frédéric Wallet, Henri Migaud, Eric Senneville and Caroline Loiez

A rapid and simple method for routine determination of antibiotic sensitivity to biofilm populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Treatment of infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming biofilms after antimicrobial testing on planktonic bacteria can result in substantial failure. Therefore, we offer a robust and simple experimental platfo...

Authors: Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Cameron Hurst, Parichart Hongsing, Lachlan Pearson, Thammakorn Saethang, Naphat Chantaravisoot, Uthaibhorn Singkham-in, Sirirat Luk-in, Robin James Storer and Tanittha Chatsuwan

Antimicrobial utilization and antimicrobial resistance in patients with haematological malignancies in Japan: a multi-centre cross-sectional study

Infection is a major complication for patients with haematological malignancies. It is important to better understand the use of antimicrobial agents and antibiotic resistance for appropriate treatment and pre...

Authors: Wataru Mimura, Haruhisa Fukuda and Manabu Akazawa

Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review

Recurrent vulvovaginal infections (RVVI) has not only become an epidemiological and clinical problem but also include large social and psychological consequences. Understanding the mechanisms of both commensal...

Authors: Namarta Kalia, Jatinder Singh and Manpreet Kaur

The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic arbovirus with a complex cycle of transmission that makes difficult the prediction of its expansion. Recent outbreaks outside Africa have led to rediscover the h...

Authors: Emilie Javelle, Alexandre Lesueur, Vincent Pommier de Santi, Franck de Laval, Thibault Lefebvre, Guillaume Holweck, Guillaume André Durand, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Gaëtan Texier and Fabrice Simon

Pharmacokinetics of plasma lopinavir and ritonavir in tuberculosis–HIV co-infected African adult patients also receiving rifabutin 150 or 300 mg three times per week

To evaluate the pharmacokinetic of plasma lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) when co-administered with three times weekly (TPW) rifabutin (RBT) at a dose of either 150 or 300 mg in African tuberculosis (TB) a...

Authors: Henri Gautier Ouedraogo, Alberto Matteelli, Giorgia Sulis, Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore, Serge Diagbouga, Simon Tiendrebeogo, Alberto Roggi, Kadari Cisse, Pier Francesco Giorgetti, Paola Villani, Lassana Sangare, Jacques Simpore, Mario Regazzi and Seni Kouanda

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance features of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Pakistan

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen with a notorious reputation of being resistant to antimicrobial agents. The capability of A. baumannii to persist and disseminate between healthca...

Authors: Nabil Karah, Fizza Khalid, Sun Nyunt Wai, Bernt Eric Uhlin and Irfan Ahmad

Klebsiella pneumoniae: an increasing threat to public health

This review fills the paucity of information on K. pneumoniae as a nosocomial pathogen by providing pooled data on epidemiological risk factors, resistant trends and profiles and resistant and virulent genes of t...

Authors: Clement Yaw Effah, Tongwen Sun, Shaohua Liu and Yongjun Wu

Evolving trends in infective endocarditis in a developing country: a consequence of medical progress?

Staphylococcus has replaced streptococcus as the most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) in developed health care systems. The trend in developing countries is less clear.

Authors: Mohamed Sunil, Huynh Quoc Hieu, Ramesh Singh Arjan Singh, Sasheela Ponnampalavanar, Kelvin S. W. Siew and Alexander Loch

Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the correlation of biofilm with antibiotics resistance in Nepal

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the frequently diagnosed infectious diseases which is caused mainly by Escherichia coli. E. coli confers resistance against the two major classes of antibiotics due to the ...

Authors: Raju Shrestha, Santosh Khanal, Pramod Poudel, Karan Khadayat, Sajani Ghaju, Anita Bhandari, Sunil Lekhak, Narayan Dutt Pant, Manisha Sharma and Bishnu P. Marasini

Molecular detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

The use of antibiotic agents in the treatment of infectious diseases has greatly contributed to the decrease in morbidity and mortality, but these great advances in treatment are being undermined by the rapidl...

Authors: Ifeyinwa N. Nwafia, Martin E. Ohanu, Samuel O. Ebede and Uchenna C. Ozumba

Emergence of colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated from cancer patients

Colistin resistance is mainly driven by alterations in the Gram-negative outer membrane lipopolysaccharides and is caused, in most cases, by mutations in mgrB gene. However, the recent emergence of plasmid-encode...

Authors: Mai M. Zafer, Hadir A. El-Mahallawy, Asmaa Abdulhak, Magdy A. Amin, Mohamed H. Al-Agamy and Hesham H. Radwan

Multiplex ligation reaction based on probe melting curve analysis: a pragmatic approach for the identification of 30 common Salmonella serovars

While Salmonella serotyping is of paramount importance for the disease intervention of salmonellosis, a fast and easy-to-operate molecular serotyping solution remains elusive. We have developed a multiplex ligati...

Authors: Le Zuo, Min Jiang, Yixiang Jiang, Xiaolu Shi, Yinghui Li, Yiman Lin, Yaqun Qiu, Yinhua Deng, Minxu Li, Zeren Lin, Yiqun Liao, Jianbin Xie, Qingge Li and Qinghua Hu

Potential factors contributing to the poor antimicrobial efficacy of SAAP-148 in a rat wound infection model

We investigated the efficacy of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide SAAP-148, which was shown to be effective against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on tape-stripped mice skin. Unexpectedly, SAA...

Authors: Gabrielle S. Dijksteel, Magda M. W. Ulrich, Marcel Vlig, Peter H. Nibbering, Robert A. Cordfunke, Jan W. Drijfhout, Esther Middelkoop and Bouke K. H. L. Boekema

Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from white coats of health university students

This study aimed at detecting Staphylococcus aureus from white coats of college students and characterizing antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production. Bacterial samples (n = 300) were obtained from whit...

Authors: Isabela Rotta Batista, Amanda Caroline Lima Prates, Bruna de Souza Santos, Josimara Cristina Carvalho Araújo, Yan Christian de Oliveira Bonfim, Marcus Vinícius Pimenta Rodrigues, Glilciane Morceli, Jossimara Polettini, Andressa Cortes Cavalleri, Lizziane Kretli Winkelstroter and Valéria Cataneli Pereira

Systematic review of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae causing neonatal sepsis in China

Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics which are used to treat severe infections caused by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriacea. The recent emergence and rapid spread of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to carbapenems...

Authors: Yijun Ding, Yajuan Wang, Yingfen Hsia, Mike Sharland and Paul T. Heath

Effect of camera monitoring and feedback along with training on hospital infection rate in a neonatal intensive care unit

In terms of pediatric healthcare-associated infections (HAI), neonatal intensive care units (NICU) constitute the greatest risk. Contacting a health care personnel, either directly or indirectly, elevates NICU...

Authors: Meltem Karabay, Gulsum Kaya, Taner Hafizoglu and Oguz Karabay

A 7-year surveillance of the drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae from a primary health care center

The increased prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections and resistance rates are a current cause for concern. However, data for resistance rates in K. pneumoniae strains from primary hospitals and the resist...

Authors: Guogang Li, Sheng Zhao, Sipei Wang, Yingqian Sun, Yangxiao Zhou and Xinling Pan

Doxycycline-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles for the enhanced antibacterial potential to treat the chronic brucellosis and preventing its relapse: in vivo study

Brucellosis is one of the most important infection of diseases. Due to its large period of treatment and survival ability of bacteria inside the macrophages, relapse of this disease is the main challenge, espe...

Authors: Seyed Mostafa Hosseini, Abbas Farmany, Roghayyeh Abbasalipourkabir, Sara Soleimani Asl, Alireza Nourian and Mohammad Reza Arabestani

Exploring the phenotype and genotype of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae harbouring bla_CTX-M group extended-spectrum β-lactamases recovered from paediatric clinical cases in Shenzhen, China

Emergence and spread of β-lactamase resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have posed a serious threat, especially in paediatric patients globally. The present study focuses on explore drug resistance profile and molecu...

Authors: Sandip Patil, Xiaowen Chen and Feiqiu Wen

The effect of concomitant fibromyalgia in HIV infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cross-sectional study

HIV infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have extensive musculoskeletal system involvement. Arthralgia and myalgia are the most common forms. Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain s...

Authors: Umit Secil Demirdal, Neriman Bilir and Tuna Demirdal

DALBACEN cohort: dalbavancin as consolidation therapy in patients with endocarditis and/or bloodstream infection produced by gram-positive cocci

To analyse the effectiveness of dalbavancin (DBV) in clinical practice as consolidation therapy in patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) and/or infective endocarditis (IE) produced by gram-positive cocci (...

Authors: Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, David Vinuesa, Antonio Plata, Pilar Martin Dávila, Simona Iftimie, Sergio Sequera, Belén Loeches, Luis Eduardo Lopez-Cortés, Mari Carmen Fariñas, Concepción Fernández-Roldan, Rosario Javier-Martinez, Patricia Muñoz, Maria del Mar Arenas-Miras, Francisco Javier Martínez-Marcos, Jose Maria Miró, Carmen Herrero…

Evaluation of serological test of Zika in an endemic area of flavivirus in the Colombian Caribbean

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted primarily through arthropods, endemic in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, and is considered a global threat by the World Health Organization.

Authors: German Arrieta, Salim Mattar, Yeneiris Villero-Wolf, Luty Gomezcaceres and Amanda Doria

Determining the clinical significance of co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the intestinal tracts of patients in intensive care units: a case–control study

The emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) has become a global concern for public health. The proximity of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA...

Authors: Young Kyung Yoon, Min Jung Lee, Yongguk Ju, Sung Eun Lee, Kyung Sook Yang, Jang Wook Sohn and Min Ja Kim

Detection and molecular characterization of urinary tract HIV-1 populations

Identification of all possible HIV reservoirs is an important aspect in HIV eradication efforts. The urinary tract has however not been well studied as a potential HIV reservoir. In this pilot study we molecul...

Authors: M. L. Mzingwane, G. Hunt, R. Lassauniere, M. Kalimashe, A. Bongwe, J. Ledwaba, R. E. Chaisson, N. Martinson, K. Richter, S. M. Bowyer and C. T. Tiemessen

Health care providers’ perceptions regarding antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS) implementation—facilitators and challenges: a cross-sectional study in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia

Infections result from invasions of an organism into body tissues leading to diseases and complications that might eventually lead to death. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials has led to development of antimi...

Authors: Mohamed A. Baraka, Hassan Alsultan, Taha Alsalman, Hussain Alaithan, Md. Ashraful Islam and Abdulsalam A. Alasseri

Nasal colonization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of a medically important Gram-positive bacteria, which can be harboured majorly in the nasal cavity. Risk of consequent infection in a person colonized wi...

Authors: Alemayehu Reta, Abeba Mengist and Asnakew Tesfahun

A systematic review of the impact of antifungal stewardship interventions in the United States

Antimicrobial resistance is a widely recognized public health threat, and stewardship interventions to combat this problem are well described. Less is known about antifungal stewardship (AFS) initiatives and t...

Authors: Emily Hart, Melanie Nguyen, Meghan Allen, Collin M. Clark and David M. Jacobs

Hepatosplenic abscesses in an immunocompetent child with cat-scratch disease from Peru

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a zoonotic infection caused by Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae. The typical manifestations of CSD include regional lymphadenitis and fever. However, CSD can have a wide variet...

Authors: Alexis Alfaro del Pozo, Michelle Angulo-Cruzado, Ricardo Amenero-Vega, Alexander Álvarez-Lulichac, Hugo Fernández-Cosavalente, Joshuan Barboza-Meca and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Prevalence of Shigella species and its drug resistance pattern in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shigella species are a major cause of dysentery and may attribute for death worldwide. Currently antibiotic resistance became the critical challenges for management of infectious disease. The aim was to conduct a...

Authors: Siraj Hussen, Getamesay Mulatu and Zemenu Yohannes Kassa

CRISPR-cas system: biological function in microbes and its use to treat antimicrobial resistant pathogens

The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major public health threat. Infection rates of resistant pathogens continue to rise against nearly all antimicrobials, which has led to development of ...

Authors: Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Qin Wu, Sammina Mahmood, Abdul Sajid, Muhammad Kashif Maan, Saeed Ahmed, Umer Naveed, Haihong Hao and Zonghui Yuan

Antimicrobial consumption in three pediatric and neonatal intensive care units in Saudi Arabia: 33-month surveillance study

Despite their critical role in antimicrobial stewardship programs, data on antimicrobial consumption among the pediatric and neonatal population is limited internationally and lacking in Saudi Arabia. The curr...

Authors: Hanan H. Balkhy, Aiman El-Saed, Ali AlShehri, Mohammad Alshaalan, Omar Hijazi, Ashraf El-Metwally, Sameera M. Aljohany and Saif Al Saif

A prospective multicenter study on the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units with clinical and environmental features

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections are considered as emerging nosocomial infections particularly in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, reliable detection of...

Authors: Baris Boral, Özlem Unaldi, Alper Ergin, Riza Durmaz and Özgen Köseoğlu Eser

Association of prenatal antibiotics with measures of infant adiposity and the gut microbiome

Prenatal antibiotic exposure has been associated with an altered infant gut microbiome composition and higher risk of childhood obesity, but no studies have examined if prenatal antibiotics simultaneously alte...

Authors: Mingyu Zhang, Moira K. Differding, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon, Truls Østbye, Cathrine Hoyo and Noel T. Mueller

Microsporidial keratitis retrospectively diagnosed by ultrastructural study of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded corneal tissue: a case report

The utility of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) corneal tissue specimens for retrospective diagnosis of microsporidial keratitis was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and the ...

Authors: Satoru Ueno, Hiroshi Eguchi, Fumika Hotta, Masahiko Fukuda, Masatomo Kimura, Kenji Yagita, Takashi Suzuki and Shunji Kusaka

Whole-genome sequencing and characterization of an antibiotic resistant Neisseria meningitidis B isolate from a military unit in Vietnam

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) persists in military units in Vietnam despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines. A hindrance to reducing the incidence of IMD in Vietnam is a lack of molecular d...

Authors: Thach Xuan Tran, Trang Thu Le, Long Phi Trieu, Christopher M. Austin, Dong Van Quyen and Huong Minh Nguyen

Late prosthetic valve endocarditis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis after the Bentall procedure

Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a rare but severe complication of valve replacement surgery, with an incidence rate of 0.3–1.2% per patient-year. At present, staphylococci are the predominant causative ...

Authors: Qianqian Liu, Jialin Jin, Lingyun Shao, Shanshan Weng, Ju Zhou, Feng Li, Wenhong Zhang, Xinhua Weng and Yan Gao

Streptococcus agalactiae maternal colonization, antibiotic resistance and serotype profiles in Africa: a meta-analysis

Maternal rectovaginal colonization with Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus or GBS) is the most common route for the GBS disease in the perinatal period. The knowledge of maternal colonization, antibi...

Authors: Mucheye Gizachew, Moges Tiruneh, Feleke Moges and Belay Tessema

Comparative evaluation of isavuconazonium sulfate, voriconazole, and posaconazole for the management of invasive fungal infections in an academic medical center

Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Newer antifungals may provide similar efficacy with improved safety compared to older more established treatments. This study aimed to c...

Authors: Edward T. Van Matre, Shelby L. Evans, Scott W. Mueller, Robert MacLaren, Douglas N. Fish and Tyree H. Kiser

Surface colonization and subsequent development of infections with multi drug resistant organisms in a neonatal intensive care unit

This study analyzes colonization of the neonates in a NICU and incidence of these colonized infants developing infections due to the colonizers.

Authors: Mary Dias and Juveyriya Saleem

Frugivorous bats in the Colombian Caribbean region are reservoirs of the rabies virus

Bats are an important ecological group within ecosystems. The rabies virus is a Lyssavirus, and haematophagous bats are the principal reservoir; however, the virus has also been detected in non-haematophagous bat...

Authors: Alfonso Calderón, Camilo Guzmán, Salim Mattar, Virginia Rodríguez, Arles Acosta and Caty Martínez

Plasma cell-free DNA: a potential biomarker for early prediction of severe dengue

Considerable progress has been made in dengue management, however the lack of appropriate predictors of severity has led to huge number of unwanted admissions mostly decided on the grounds of warning signs. Ap...

Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong, Dao Huy Manh, Shyam Prakash Dumre, Shusaku Mizukami, Lan Nguyen Weiss, Nguyen Van Thuong, Tran Thi Ngoc Ha, Le Hong Phuc, Tran Van An, Thuan Minh Tieu, Mohamed Gomaa Kamel, Mostafa Ebraheem Morra, Vu Thi Que Huong, Nguyen Tien Huy and Kenji Hirayama

Migration crisis in Venezuela and its impact on HIV in other countries: the case of Colombia

Authors: Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Miguel Morales, José A. Suárez and Ernesto Martínez-Buitrago

Characterization of the clonal profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with early post-operative orthopedic implant based infections

To analyze the molecular epidemiology and to compare between the major methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biotypes for association with patient characteristics who had an implant for closed fracture and ...

Authors: Sonia Jain, Rukhsana Chowdhury, Mousumi Datta, Goutam Chowdhury and Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay

Accurate identification and epidemiological characterization of Burkholderia cepacia complex: an update

Bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are among the most important pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and in hospital acquired infections (HAI). Accurate identification o...

Authors: Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi and Balaji Veeraraghavan