Articles

Antimicrobial consumption in three pediatric and neonatal intensive care units in Saudi Arabia: 33-month surveillance study

Despite their critical role in antimicrobial stewardship programs, data on antimicrobial consumption among the pediatric and neonatal population is limited internationally and lacking in Saudi Arabia. The curr...

Authors: Hanan H. Balkhy, Aiman El-Saed, Ali AlShehri, Mohammad Alshaalan, Omar Hijazi, Ashraf El-Metwally, Sameera M. Aljohany and Saif Al Saif

A prospective multicenter study on the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units with clinical and environmental features

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii infections are considered as emerging nosocomial infections particularly in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). Therefore, reliable detection of...

Authors: Baris Boral, Özlem Unaldi, Alper Ergin, Riza Durmaz and Özgen Köseoğlu Eser

Association of prenatal antibiotics with measures of infant adiposity and the gut microbiome

Prenatal antibiotic exposure has been associated with an altered infant gut microbiome composition and higher risk of childhood obesity, but no studies have examined if prenatal antibiotics simultaneously alte...

Authors: Mingyu Zhang, Moira K. Differding, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon, Truls Østbye, Cathrine Hoyo and Noel T. Mueller

Microsporidial keratitis retrospectively diagnosed by ultrastructural study of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded corneal tissue: a case report

The utility of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) corneal tissue specimens for retrospective diagnosis of microsporidial keratitis was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and the ...

Authors: Satoru Ueno, Hiroshi Eguchi, Fumika Hotta, Masahiko Fukuda, Masatomo Kimura, Kenji Yagita, Takashi Suzuki and Shunji Kusaka

Whole-genome sequencing and characterization of an antibiotic resistant Neisseria meningitidis B isolate from a military unit in Vietnam

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) persists in military units in Vietnam despite the availability of antibiotics and vaccines. A hindrance to reducing the incidence of IMD in Vietnam is a lack of molecular d...

Authors: Thach Xuan Tran, Trang Thu Le, Long Phi Trieu, Christopher M. Austin, Dong Van Quyen and Huong Minh Nguyen

Late prosthetic valve endocarditis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis after the Bentall procedure

Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a rare but severe complication of valve replacement surgery, with an incidence rate of 0.3–1.2% per patient-year. At present, staphylococci are the predominant causative ...

Authors: Qianqian Liu, Jialin Jin, Lingyun Shao, Shanshan Weng, Ju Zhou, Feng Li, Wenhong Zhang, Xinhua Weng and Yan Gao

Streptococcus agalactiae maternal colonization, antibiotic resistance and serotype profiles in Africa: a meta-analysis

Maternal rectovaginal colonization with Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus or GBS) is the most common route for the GBS disease in the perinatal period. The knowledge of maternal colonization, antibi...

Authors: Mucheye Gizachew, Moges Tiruneh, Feleke Moges and Belay Tessema

Comparative evaluation of isavuconazonium sulfate, voriconazole, and posaconazole for the management of invasive fungal infections in an academic medical center

Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Newer antifungals may provide similar efficacy with improved safety compared to older more established treatments. This study aimed to c...

Authors: Edward T. Van Matre, Shelby L. Evans, Scott W. Mueller, Robert MacLaren, Douglas N. Fish and Tyree H. Kiser

Surface colonization and subsequent development of infections with multi drug resistant organisms in a neonatal intensive care unit

This study analyzes colonization of the neonates in a NICU and incidence of these colonized infants developing infections due to the colonizers.

Authors: Mary Dias and Juveyriya Saleem

Frugivorous bats in the Colombian Caribbean region are reservoirs of the rabies virus

Bats are an important ecological group within ecosystems. The rabies virus is a Lyssavirus, and haematophagous bats are the principal reservoir; however, the virus has also been detected in non-haematophagous bat...

Authors: Alfonso Calderón, Camilo Guzmán, Salim Mattar, Virginia Rodríguez, Arles Acosta and Caty Martínez

Plasma cell-free DNA: a potential biomarker for early prediction of severe dengue

Considerable progress has been made in dengue management, however the lack of appropriate predictors of severity has led to huge number of unwanted admissions mostly decided on the grounds of warning signs. Ap...

Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong, Dao Huy Manh, Shyam Prakash Dumre, Shusaku Mizukami, Lan Nguyen Weiss, Nguyen Van Thuong, Tran Thi Ngoc Ha, Le Hong Phuc, Tran Van An, Thuan Minh Tieu, Mohamed Gomaa Kamel, Mostafa Ebraheem Morra, Vu Thi Que Huong, Nguyen Tien Huy and Kenji Hirayama

Migration crisis in Venezuela and its impact on HIV in other countries: the case of Colombia

Authors: Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Miguel Morales, José A. Suárez and Ernesto Martínez-Buitrago

Characterization of the clonal profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with early post-operative orthopedic implant based infections

To analyze the molecular epidemiology and to compare between the major methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biotypes for association with patient characteristics who had an implant for closed fracture and ...

Authors: Sonia Jain, Rukhsana Chowdhury, Mousumi Datta, Goutam Chowdhury and Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay

Accurate identification and epidemiological characterization of Burkholderia cepacia complex: an update

Bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are among the most important pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and in hospital acquired infections (HAI). Accurate identification o...

Authors: Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi and Balaji Veeraraghavan

Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP): an effective implementing technique for the therapy efficiency of meropenem and vancomycin antibiotics in Iranian pediatric patients

Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is a distinguished method to improve the prescription and efficacy of antibiotics.

Authors: Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh, Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi, Payman Sadeghi, Maryam Ghodsi, Sara Kianfar, Leila Khedmat, Saeedreza Jamali Moghadam Siyahkali, Mohammad Kaji Yazdi and Anahita Izadi

The effect of malaria rapid diagnostic tests results on antimicrobial prescription practices of health care workers in Burkina Faso

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are widely used in endemic areas in order to comply with the recommendation that malaria treatment should only be given after the clinical diagnosis has been confirmed by R...

Authors: Massa dit Achille Bonko, Francois Kiemde, Marc Christian Tahita, Palpouguini Lompo, Athanase M. Some, Halidou Tinto, Michael Boele van Hensbroek, Petra F. Mens and Henk D. F. H. Schallig

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypermucoviscous and aerobactin positive) infection over 6 years in the elderly in China: antimicrobial resistance patterns, molecular epidemiology and risk factor

The definition of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp), traditionally regarded as hypermucoviscosity, is controversial. However, data based on both phenotype (hypermucoviscous) and genetic (aerobactin) crit...

Authors: Chao Liu and Jun Guo

Streptococcus agalactiae from Ethiopian pregnant women; prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial resistance: alarming for prophylaxis

Maternal Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) colonization rates and its antibiotic resistance patterns provide important information useful in guiding prevention strategies. There is a paucity o...

Authors: Mucheye Gizachew, Moges Tiruneh, Feleke Moges, Mulat Adefris, Zemene Tigabu and Belay Tessema

Application of next-generation sequencing to detect variants of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: genotype–phenotype correlation

Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a major health issue worldwide. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has begun to be used to detect resistance genes of MTB. We aimed to ass...

Authors: Dae-Hyun Ko, Eun Jin Lee, Su-Kyung Lee, Han-Sung Kim, So Youn Shin, Jungwon Hyun, Jae-Seok Kim, Wonkeun Song and Hyun Soo Kim

Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen due to its capabilities for developing mechanisms of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents including carbapenems. This review described ...

Authors: Mutasim E. Ibrahim

Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of very high-dose meropenem: a case report

Standard dosing of meropenem (2 g t.i.d.) produces CSF concentrations of only 1–2 mg/L which is inferior to the clinical breakpoint for most Gram-negative bacteria. There is therefore concern that dosing must ...

Authors: Thomas Kerz, Friederike D. von Loewenich, Jason Roberts, Axel Neulen and Florian Ringel

In vivo efficacy of tobramycin-loaded synthetic calcium phosphate beads in a rabbit model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process of the bone following infection with pyogenic organisms like Staphylococcus aureus. Tobramycin (TOB) is a promising aminoglycoside antibiotic used to trea...

Authors: Godday Anebow Lulu, Arunkumar Karunanidhi, Loqman Mohamad Yusof, Yusuf Abba, Fazlin Mohd Fauzi and Fauziah Othman

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing as a diagnostic tool for toxoplasmic encephalitis

More than 100 different pathogens can cause encephalitis. Testing of all the neurological pathogens by conventional methods can be difficult. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) could identify the inf...

Authors: Zhiliang Hu, Xing Weng, Chunhua Xu, Yang Lin, Cong Cheng, Hongxia Wei and Wei Chen

Detection of bacterial DNA from central venous catheter removed from patients by next generation sequencing: a preliminary clinical study

Catheter-related infection (CRI) is one of the serious challenges in clinical practice. This preliminary clinical study aimed to examine whether next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting 16S rDNA, which was P...

Authors: Ken-ichi Okuda, Yutaka Yoshii, Satomi Yamada, Akio Chiba, Ippei Hironaka, Seiji Hori, Katsuhiko Yanaga and Yoshimitsu Mizunoe

Identification of pathogens in culture-negative infective endocarditis cases by metagenomic analysis

Pathogens identification is critical for the proper diagnosis and precise treatment of infective endocarditis (IE). Although blood and valve cultures are the gold standard for IE pathogens detection, many case...

Authors: Jun Cheng, Huan Hu, Yue Kang, Weizhi Chen, Wei Fang, Kaijuan Wang, Qian Zhang, Aisi Fu, Shuilian Zhou, Chen Cheng, Qingqing Cao, Feiyan Wang, Shela Lee and Zhou Zhou

Adherent/invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolates from asymptomatic people: new E. coli ST131 O25:H4/H30-Rx virotypes

The widespread Escherichia coli clone ST131 implicated in multidrug-resistant infections has been recently reported, the majority belonging to O25:H4 serotype and classified into five main virotypes in accordance...

Authors: Edwin Barrios-Villa, Gerardo Cortés-Cortés, Patricia Lozano-Zaraín, Margarita María de la Paz Arenas-Hernández, Claudia Fabiola Martínez de la Peña, Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna, Carmen Torres and Rosa del Carmen Rocha-Gracia

Microbial virulence, molecular epidemiology and pathogenic factors of fluoroquinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae infections in Guangzhou, China

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (FRHI) has been reported worldwide but remain unclear in China.

Authors: Dingqiang Chen, Shuxian Wen, Donghua Feng, Ruirui Xu, Junyan Liu, Brian M. Peters, Danhong Su, Yongping Lin, Ling Yang, Zhenbo Xu and Mark E. Shirtliff

Culture- and PCR-based detection of BV associated microbiological profile of the removed IUDs and correlation with the time period of IUD in place and the presence of the symptoms of genital tract infection

The long-term use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) may lead to biofilm formation on the surface. The aim of this study was to perform the culture- and PCR-based detection of bacteria/fungi from the biofilm of th...

Authors: András Ádám, Zoltán Pál, Gabriella Terhes, Márta Szűcs, Israel David Gabay and Edit Urbán

Appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy with imipenem/colistin in severe septic patients: observational cohort study

Empiric antimicrobial therapy (EAMT) using imipenem/colistin is commonly prescribed as a first line therapy in critically ill patients with severe sepsis. We aimed to assess the appropriateness of prescribing ...

Authors: Ahlem Trifi, Sami Abdellatif, Cyrine Abdennebi, Foued Daly, Rochdi Nasri, Yosr Touil and Salah Ben Lakhal

Clindamycin suppresses virulence expression in inducible clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains

Clindamycin is a protein synthesis inhibitory agent that has the ability to suppress the expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. Recent guidelines recommend the use of clindamycin for the treatm...

Authors: Elisabeth Hodille, Cédric Badiou, Caroline Bouveyron, Michèle Bes, Anne Tristan, François Vandenesch, Gérard Lina and Oana Dumitrescu

Impact of the use of local fidaxomicin treatment algorithms for managing Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients in southeastern United States

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is a major public health threat that results in increased length of stay, hospital readmissions, deaths, and economic burden. CDAD treatment is often guided by sev...

Authors: Jonathan C. Cho, Sandy J. Estrada, Jamie J. Kisgen, Angelina Davis and Laura Puzniak

An update on gastrointestinal endoscopy-associated infections and their contributing factors

During clinical use, gastrointestinal endoscopes are grossly contaminated with patient’s native flora. These endoscopes undergo reprocessing to prevent infectious transmission upon future use. Endoscopy-associ...

Authors: Charles Eugenio McCafferty, Marra Jai Aghajani, David Abi-Hanna, Iain Bruce Gosbell and Slade Owen Jensen

Mycetoma: a clinical dilemma in resource limited settings

Mycetoma is a chronic mutilating disease of the skin and the underlying tissues caused by fungi or bacteria. Although recently included in the list of neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organizati...

Authors: Pembi Emmanuel, Shyam Prakash Dumre, Stephen John, Juntra Karbwang and Kenji Hirayama

An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are one of the main bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). The rates of UPEC with high resistance towards antibiotics and multidrug-resistant bacteria have increas...

Authors: Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo, Adriana C. Moreno-Flores, Francisco J. Avelar-González, Francisco Márquez-Díaz, Josée Harel and Alma L. Guerrero-Barrera

Overexpression of eis without a mutation in promoter region of amikacin- and kanamycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strain

Aminoglycosides such as amikacin and kanamycin are effective injectable second-line drugs for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Molecular mechanisms underlying aminoglycoside resistance are not we...

Authors: Angkanang Sowajassatakul, Therdsak Prammananan, Angkana Chaiprasert and Saranya Phunpruch

The Dengue virus in Nepal: gaps in diagnosis and surveillance

The introduction of the dengue virus (DENV) in Nepal is recent, first reports date back to 2004 from a Japanese traveller and limited information is available about DENV infection in the Nepali population. Wit...

Authors: Birendra Prasad Gupta, Andrea Haselbeck, Jerome H. Kim, Florian Marks and Tarun Saluja

Streptococcus pyogenes-purpura fulminans as an invasive form of group A streptococcal infection

Streptococcus pyogenes is an uncommon pathogen of purpura fulminans, and the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes-purpura fulminans remains unclear because of paucity of cases. We reported a pediatric case of S. pyogenes-...

Authors: Sayaka Okuzono, Masataka Ishimura, Shunsuke Kanno, Motoshi Sonoda, Noriyuki Kaku, Yoshitomo Motomura, Hisanori Nishio, Utako Oba, Masuo Hanada, Jun-ichi Fukushi, Michiyo Urata, Dongchon Kang, Hidetoshi Takada and Shouichi Ohga

Predictor of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in southwestern part of Ethiopia: a case control study

Curable disease tuberculosis is becoming incurable or difficult to treat due to drug resistance. Multi drug resistance tuberculosis is a major health problem for less developed countries. Development of drug r...

Authors: Dabesa Gobena, Gemechu Ameya, Kinfe Haile, Getaneh Abreha, Yoseph Worku and Tessema Debela

Vonoprazan-based triple therapy is non-inferior to susceptibility-guided proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication

All Helicobacter pylori-infected patients are recommended for eradication with an appropriate regimen in each geographic area. The choice of the therapy is somewhat dependent on the antimicrobial susceptibility. ...

Authors: Hiroki Tanabe, Keiichi Yoshino, Katsuyoshi Ando, Yoshiki Nomura, Katsuhisa Ohta, Kiichi Satoh, Eiichiro Ichiishi, Akiei Ishizuka, Takaaki Otake, Yutaka Kohgo, Mikihiro Fujiya and Toshikatsu Okumura

The draft genomes and investigation of serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus strains isolated from urine in Suzhou, China

The group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a human commensal bacterium, which is capable of causing several infectious diseases in infants, and people with chronic diseases. GBS has been the most common cause of infectio...

Authors: Yong Guo, Xiao Deng, Yuan Liang, Liang Zhang, Guo-Ping Zhao and Yan Zhou

Antimicrobial misuse in pediatric urinary tract infections: recurrences and renal scarring

In children, urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of a common bacterial infection. This study was conducted to detect the uropathogen, antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogen associated with recurrences and ren...

Authors: Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera and Mohommed Reyes

Infectious disease burden and antibiotic prescribing in primary care in Israel

Antibiotics are frequently prescribed at many of the visits to primary care clinics, often for conditions for which they provide no benefit, including viral respiratory tract infections.

Authors: Marcelo Low, Ronit Almog, Ran D. Balicer, Nicky Liberman, Raul Raz, Avi Peretz and Orna Nitzan

Detection of urinary Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and human papilloma virus in the first trimester of pregnancy by PCR method

Miscarriage and preterm delivery are the most important challenges of pregnancy. Different bacterial and viral infection may cause miscarriage and preterm delivery. Among bacterial factors, Mycoplasma genitalium ...

Authors: Monireh Rahimkhani, A. Mordadi and M. Gilanpour

Association of virulence gene expression with colistin-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: analysis of genotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation

Acinetobacter baumannii causes difficult-to-treat nosocomial infections, which often lead to morbidity due to the development of antimicrobial drug resistance and expression of virulence genes. Data regarding the...

Authors: Abbas Bahador, Zahra Farshadzadeh, Reza Raoofian, Masoumeh Mokhtaran, Babak Pourakbari, Maryam Pourhajibagher and Farhad B. Hashemi

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli: comparison between Etest and a broth dilution method

Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne gasteroenteritis worldwide. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Campylobacter spp. is not routinely performed by most clinical laboratories. However, the emergen...

Authors: Maya Azrad, Linda Tkhawkho, Natalia Isakovich, Orna Nitzan and Avi Peretz

Rapid detection of carbapenemase activity of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been proved to be a useful tool for identification of pathogens directly isolated from blood cultures in clinical...

Authors: Jiajia Yu, Jingxian Liu, Yuanrui Li, Jing Yu, Weinan Zhu, Ying Liu and Lisong Shen

Mycotic aneurysm caused by Edwardsiella tarda successfully treated with stenting and suppressive antibiotic therapy: a case report and systematic review

Mycotic aneurysm is an uncommon disease which could be fatal without appropriate treatment. Although standard therapy for mycotic aneurysms consists of resection of the infected aorta and in situ graft replace...

Authors: Kei Furui Ebisawa, Sho Nishimura, Shungo Yamamoto, Goh Ohji and Kentaro Iwata

Emergence of multidrug-resistant Providencia rettgeri isolates co-producing NDM-1 carbapenemase and PER-1 extended-spectrum β-lactamase causing a first outbreak in Korea

Nosocomial outbreak due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has become serious challenge to patient treatment and infection control. We describe an outbreak due to a multidrug-resistant Providencia rettger...

Authors: Saeam Shin, Seok Hoon Jeong, Hyukmin Lee, Jun Sung Hong, Min-Jeong Park and Wonkeun Song

Raoultella planticola bacteremia-induced fatal septic shock following burn injury

Raoultella planticola, a Gram-negative, aerobic bacillus commonly isolated from soil and water, rarely causes invasive infections in humans. Septic shock from R. planticola after burn injury has not been previous...

Authors: Tetsuya Yumoto, Hiromichi Naito, Hiromi Ihoriya, Kohei Tsukahara, Tomoyuki Ota, Toshiyuki Watanabe and Atsunori Nakao

Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among elderly living in nursing homes in Brazil: risk factors and molecular epidemiology

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus poses a threat to elderly living in nursing homes. Studies focusing on the epidemiology of colonization may help in the design of infection control strategies.

Authors: Monica da Silveira, Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha, Camila Sena Martins de Souza, Adriana Aparecida Feltrin Correa and Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza