| Control group | MDR group | p-value | MDR-AB | ESBL-E coli | ESBL-KP | MDR-Pseudomonus | MRSA | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n=1108 | n=554 |  | n=214 | n=47 | n=99 | n=82 | n=102 |  |
Previous antibiotics* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Penicillin/ b -lactamase inhibitor | 416 (37.55%) | 261 (47.11%) | 0.001 | 107 (50%) | 25 (53.19%) | 44 (44.44%) | 36 (43.9%) | 45 (44.12%) | 0.663 |
Antipseudomonal penicillins | 92 (8.3%) | 299 (53.97%) | <0.001 | 123 (57.48%) | 21 (44.68%) | 60 (60.61%) | 35 (42.68%) | 53 (51.96%) | 0.066 |
1st or 2nd generation cephalosporin | 367 (33.12%) | 242 (43.68%) | <0.001 | 87 (40.65%) | 27 (57.45%) | 49 (49.49%) | 33 (40.24%) | 39 (38.24%) | 0.118 |
3th or 4th generation cephalosporin | 321 (28.97%) | 445 (80.32%) | <0.001 | 175 (81.78%) | 35 (74.47%) | 83 (83.84%) | 62 (75.61%) | 80 (78.43%) | 0.498 |
Carbapenems | 42 (3.79%) | 256 (46.21%) | <0.001 | 108 (50.47%) | 11 (23.4%) | 56 (56.57%) | 47 (57.32%) | 30 (29.41%) | <0.001 |
Fluoroquinolones | 487 (43.95%) | 418 (75.45%) | <0.001 | 172 (80.37%) | 35 (74.47%) | 73 (73.74%) | 61 (74.39%) | 69 (67.65%) | 0.173 |
Antibiotics in ward | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Antibiotics days | 9.1 ± 9.0 | 14.9 ± 11.5 | <0.001 | 15.6 ± 10.9 | 14.5 ± 13.7 | 16.6 ± 11.8 | 14.7 ± 13.9 | 12.2 ± 9.1 | 0.105 |
Penicillin/ b -lactamase inhibitor | 240 (21.7%) | 86 (15.5%) | 0.003 | 52 (24.3%) | 6 (12.8%) | 9 (9.1%) | 11 (13.4%) | 6 (5.9%) | <0.001 |
Antipseudomonal penicillins | 95 (8.6%) | 121 (21.8%) | <0.001 | 38 (17.8%) | 12 (25.5%) | 21 (21.2%) | 20 (24.4%) | 26 (25.5%) | 0.463 |
1st or 2nd generation cephalosporin | 206 (18.6%) | 36 (6.5%) | <0.001 | 11 (5.1%) | 6 (12.8%) | 7 (7.1%) | 3 (3.7%) | 9 (8.8%) | 0.229 |
3th or 4th generation cephalosporin | 252 (22.7%) | 238 (42.9%) | <0.001 | 86 (40.2%) | 19 (40.4%) | 39 (39.4%) | 36 (43.9%) | 54 (52.9%) | 0.241 |
Carbapenems | 60 (5.4%) | 219 (39.5%) | <0.001 | 84 (39.3%) | 19 (40.4%) | 57 (57.6%) | 27 (32.9%) | 27 (26.5%) | 0.001 |
Fluoroquinolones | 345 (31.1%) | 182 (32.9%) | 0.479 | 57 (26.6%) | 14 (29.8%) | 41 (41.4%) | 35 (42.7%) | 30 (29.4%) | 0.022 |
Glycopeptide | 85 (7.7%) | 262 (47.3%) | <0.001 | 111 (51.9%) | 7 (14.9%) | 40 (40.4%) | 23 (28.1%) | 77 (75.5%) | <0.001 |
Aminoglycoside | 11 (0.9%) | 33 (5.9%) | <0.001 | 10 (4.7%) | 1 (2.1%) | 8 (8.1%) | 7 (8.5%) | 5 (4.9%) | 0.416 |
Other | 159 (14.4%) | 242 (43.7%) | <0.001 | 143 (66.8%) | 11 (23.4%) | 28 (28.3%) | 34 (41.5%) | 24 (23.5%) | <0.001 |
Time from diagnosis (months) | 5.2 ± 17.2 | 28.1 ± 30.9 | <0.001 | 22.9 ± 27.9 | 16.1 ± 17.5 | 20.8 ± 25.5 | 38.9 ± 33.6 | 41.9 ± 35.6 | <0.001 |
WBC (×10^3 /uL) | 10.4 ± 7.3 | 13.1 ± 14.1 | <0.001 | 12.9 ± 6.5 | 9.9 ± 6.4 | 13.0 ± 5.9 | 12.1 ± 5.0 | 15.9 ± 30.3 | 0.157 |
Platelet (×10^3 /uL) | 226.5 ± 92.1 | 229.1 ± 106.8 | 0.629 | 241.8 ± 112.5 | 201.3 ± 98.6 | 213.8 ± 95.1 | 230.7 ± 93.6 | 229.5 ± 116.6 | 0.085 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 64.8 ± 74.5 | 79.9 ± 84.2 | 0.002 | 75.8 ± 75.3 | 63.5 ± 78.6 | 103.9 ± 102.5 | 70.4 ± 80.3 | 81.4 ± 89.3 | 0.055 |
Creatinine,baseline (mg/dL) | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 0.533 | 1.3 ± 1.6 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.6 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 0.019 |
Creatinine,ward (mg/dL) | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 0.001 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 1.8 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 1.9 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 0.354 |
Acute kidney injury | 149 (13.5%) | 157 (28.3%) | <0.001 | 69 (32.2%) | 12 (25.5%) | 31 (31.3%) | 16 (19.5%) | 24 (23.5%) | 0.162 |
Hemodialysis | 34 (3.1%) | 60 (10.8%) | <0.001 | 22 (10.3%) | 8 (17.0%) | 15 (15.2%) | 4 (4.9%) | 10 (9.8%) | 0.138 |
Inhospital medication | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Systemic steroid | 471 (42.5%) | 395 (71.3%) | <0.001 | 165 (77.1%) | 35 (74.5%) | 66 (66.7%) | 50 (60.9%) | 71 (69.6%) | 0.057 |
Inhalation steroid | 135 (12.2%) | 118 (21.3%) | <0.001 | 53 (24.8%) | 9 (19.2%) | 23 (23.2%) | 21 (25.6%) | 11 (10.8%) | 0.051 |
Antibiotic | 885 (79.9%) | 544 (98.2%) | <0.001 | 211 (98.6%) | 46 (97.9%) | 98 (98.9%) | 79 (96.3%) | 100 (98.0%) | 0.662 |
Inhalation gentamicin | 51 (4.6%) | 50 (9.0%) | 0.001 | 22 (10.3%) | 4 (8.5%) | 6 (6.1%) | 11 (13.4%) | 7 (6.9%) | 0.419 |