Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 190 patients with toxin EIA-negative stool samples or toxin EIA-positive for Clostridiodes difficile
Total population (n = 190) | Toxin EIA - (n = 83) | Toxin EIA + (n = 107) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 65 years | 115 (60.5) | 47 (56.6) | 68 (63.6) | 0.333 |
Male sex | 97 (51.1) | 44 (53.0) | 53 (49.5) | 0.634 |
Hospital stay, days, median (IQR) | 6.0 (1.0–20.0) | 4.0 (0–14.5) | 7.5 (1.0–25.3) | 0.014 |
ICU at diagnosis | 26 (13.7) | 14 (16.9) | 12 (11.2) | 0.238 |
Category of infection | 0.269 | |||
Community-onset | 14 (7.4) | 9 (10.8) | 5 (4.7) | |
Community-onset healthcare facility associated | 56 (29.5) | 24 (28.9) | 32 (29.9) | |
Hospital onset | 120 (63.2) | 50 (60.2) | 70 (65.4) | |
Underlying disease | ||||
Diabetes | 39 (20.5) | 20 (24.1) | 19 (17.8) | 0.283 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 71 (37.4) | 27 (32.5) | 44 (41.1) | 0.225 |
Cardiovascular disease | 41 (21.6) | 20 (24.1) | 21 (19.6) | 0.458 |
Chronic lung disease | 15 (7.9) | 6 (7.2) | 9 (8.4) | 0.764 |
Liver cirrhosis | 8 (4.2) | 5 (6.0) | 3 (2.8) | 0.300 |
Chronic renal disease | 16 (8.4) | 9 (10.8) | 7 (6.5) | 0.290 |
Solid tumour | 42 (22.1) | 20 (24.1) | 22 (20.6) | 0.560 |
Solid organ transplantation | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) | 0.505 |
Charlson’s score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 0.503 |
Previous medical history within 1 month | ||||
Operation | 42 (22.1) | 17 (20.5) | 25 (23.4) | 0.635 |
Immunosuppression | 16 (8.4) | 5 (6.0) | 11 (10.3) | 0.295 |
Antibiotic exposure (n = 182) | 0.006 | |||
No exposure | 24 (13.2) | 16 (20.0) | 8 (7.8) | |
cLow-risk | 9 (4.9) | 5 (6.3) | 4 (3.9) | |
bMedium-risk | 22 (12.1) | 11 (13.8) | 11 (10.8) | |
aHigh-risk | 127 (69.8) | 48 (60.0) | 79 (77.5) | |
Gastrointestinal medication use at diagnosis | ||||
Proton pump inhibitor | 69 (36.9) | 26 (32.1) | 43 (40.6) | 0.234 |
H2 receptor antagonist | 62 (33.2) | 27 (33.3) | 35 (33.0) | 0.964 |
Probiotics | 31 (16.6) | 12 (14.8) | 19 (17.9) | 0.571 |