Fig. 5

Relative expression of BCL-2, SMAD3, NF-κB, TGF-β and TNF-α genes in HT-29 cells upon treatment with Tox-S (100 μg/ml) from C. difficile (RT 001, RT 126, RT 084) and culture-filtrate (100 μg/ml) of C. difficile ATCC 700,057 measured by using quantitative real-time PCR assay. Gene expression data were normalized to β-actin as the reference gene. Data were presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. A P value of < 0.05 was considered as significant (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001) by unpaired student’s t test and one-way ANOVA statistical analysis