Table 9 Mortality in mixed/unspecified bacteremia patients receiving C/T

Case–control study

 Fernandez-Cruz et al., 2019 [29]

Case–control study

Bacteremia secondary n = 7, and primary n = 3

Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified)

MDR infection: 50%, XDR infection: 50%

–

30 days

All patients: 10.0% (1/10)^{a, b}

Combination therapy: 25.0% (1/4)^a,

Monotherapy: 0% (0/6)^a

Retrospective cohort studies

 Caston et al., 2017 [14]

Retrospective cohort

Mixed hospital-acquired infections: Abdominal, Respiratory, Otitis and mastoiditis, Biliary, Venous Central Catheter

Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified)

MDR infection: 100%

–

–

25.0% (3/12)

 Escola-Verge et al., 2018 [16]

Retrospective cohort

Mixed infections: lower respiratory tract, Soft tissue, Urinary tract, Bone, Intra-abdominal, BSI, Mediastinitis

Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified)

XDR infection: 100%

Defined as the composite endpoint of attributable mortality, or a persistent or recurrent XDR-PA index infection at 90 days of follow-up. In accordance with previous studies, mortality was attributed to XDR-PA infection if the patient had signs and symptoms of infection at death or microbiologic evidence of an active XDR-PA infection, and other potential causes of death had been excluded

90 days

36.4% (4/11)^c

 Jayakumar et al., 2018 [10]

Retrospective cohort

Mixed infections: Respiratory, Blood, Urinary, Tissue, Wound (patients could have more than one infection)

Pseudomonas: 95% (not further specified), K. pneumoniae: 5%, Polymicrobial infection^e: Enterobacter (10%), Acinetobacter (10%), Providencia (5%),

Meningosepheum (5%),

Morganella (5%),

Candida (14%)

MDR infection: 86%

–

30 days

10.0% (2/20)^d

–

30 days

24.0% (5/21)

 King et al., 2018 [11]

Retrospective cohort

Mixed infections:

pneumonia, UTI, intra-abdominal, wound

Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified)

MDR infection: 100%

–

–

24.0% (6/25)^e

–

30 days

28.0% (7/25)

 Rodriguez-Nunez et al., 2019 [21]

Retrospective cohort

Lower respiratory tract infection

Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified)

–^f

–

30 days

51.6% (16/31)

 Xipell et al., 2018 [22]

Retrospective cohort

Mixed infections: submandibular fasciitis or UTI and deep surgical-site infection

–

MDR infection: 17.39%,XDR infection: 79%, PDR infection: 4%^g

–

–

50.0% (3/6)^h