Table 2 Clinical cure or success in secondary bacteremia patients receiving C/T
From: Ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of bacteremia: a systematic literature review (SLR)
Author, year | Study design | Source | Pathogen type | Antibiotic resistance | Outcome definition | Time point | % (n/N) Reporting clinical cure or success |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case report and case series | |||||||
 Hakki and Lewis et al., 2018 [26] | Case series | NRa | Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified) | MDR infection: 100% | Defined as resolution of signs and symptoms of the infection during treatment with C/T, clearance of bacteremia (if present) within 72 h of initiation of C/T, and absence of infection recurrence, defined as signs and symptoms of infection along with culture positivity for P. aeruginosa while receiving C/T or within 30 days of completion of C/T therapy | 30 days | 66.7% (2/3) |
 Sousa Dominguez et al., 2017 [25] | Case report | Skin and soft-tissue infection | Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified), Streptococcus: 100%, K. pneumonia: 100%b | MDR infection: 100% | – | – | 100% (1/1) |
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) | |||||||
 Kollef et al. et al., 2019 [30] | RCT | Nosocomial pneumonia | Pseudomonas: 17.4% (Not further specified), Enterobacter: 53.86%b | – | Defined as: 1) Complete resolution with no new signs of ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia [VNP), which were present at baseline 2) No new signs, symptoms or complications attributable to VNP 3) No additional antibiotic therapy administered for VNP, except for the approved adjunctive therapy 4) Patient is alive | – | 36.0% (9/25) |
Retrospective cohort studies | |||||||
 Bosaeed et al., 2020 [13] | Retrospective cohort (single patient) | Complicated perianal abscesses | Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified) | MDR infection: 100% | Clinical success was based on microbiological clearance (whenever repeated cultures were available; clinical resolution of signs and symptoms of infection; and 30-day in-hospital survival after initiation of C/T treatment) | 14 days | 0% (0/1) |
 Caston et al., 2017 [14] | Retrospective cohort | Mixed infections: venous central catheter (N = 1), respiratory (N = 3) and abdominal (N = 1) | Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified) | MDR infection: 100% | Clinical outcome considered a "cure" when attending physician observed a resolution of signs and symptoms and there were no radiologic findings of infection | 30 days (after isolation of P. aeruginosa) | 60.0% (3/5) |
 Haidar et al., 2017 [18] | Retrospective cohort | Pneumonia | P. aeruginosa: 100% | MDR infection: 100% | Clinical failure was defined as attributable mortality due to P. aeruginosa, persistent signs or symptoms of infection or positive culture despite ≥ 7 days of C/T, or recurrent P. aeruginosa infection (recurrent signs and symptoms and recurrent culture positivity within 90 days) | – | 100% (2/2) |
 King et al., 2018 [11] | Retrospective cohort | Mixed infections: Pneumonia (N = 8), UTI (N = 7), intra-abdominal (N = 4), wound (N = 1) | Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified) | MDR infection: 100% | Defined by improved symptoms, improved imaging where relevant and fever reduction | – | 72.2% (13/18)c |
 Munita et al., 2017 [19] | Retrospective cohort | Mixed infections: Pneumonia (N = 3); Pyelonephritis (N = 1), Central line-associated BSI (N = 1), Left ventricular assist device infection (N = 1). Secondary bacteremia is BSI | Pseudomonas: 100% (not further specified) | –e | Clinical success was defined as a composite of in-hospital survival, resolution of signs and symptoms of the infection (as reported by treating physicians), and absence of recurrence of the infection within the admission | – | 66.66% (4/6)d |