Table 1 Studies detecting heteroresistance to metronidazole and/or clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori isolates/positive samples
Study | Country | H. pylori-positive patients | Testing method | MTZ_R | MTZ_HR | CLR_R | CLR_HR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kocsmár et al., 2020 [12] | Hungary | 305 | rRNA‐targeted FISH | NA | NA | 35 | 38 |
Güven et al., 2019 [19] | Turkey | 93 | HelicoDR test | NA | NA | 22 | 12 |
Farzi et al., 2019 [16] | Iran | 40 | Sequencing of 23S rDNA | NA | NA | 7 | 7 |
Arévalo-Jaimes et al., 2019 [17] | Colombia | 63 | Sequencing 23S rDNA | NA | NA | 19 | 5 |
Sun et al., 2018 [20] | China | 49 | Droplet digital PCR | NA | NA | 11 | 13 |
Mascellino et al., 2018 [21] | Italy | 40 (30) | E-test, Real-Time PCR | 15 | 1 | 15 | 4 |
Aguilera-Correa et al., 2017 [22] | Spain | 111 | HelicoDR test | NA | NA | 53 | 11 |
Mansour et al., 2016 [23] | Tunisia, France | 42 | E-test | 21 | 7 | 12 | 6 |
Navarro-Jarabo et al., 2015 [24] | Spain | 401 | HelicoDR test | NA | NA | 35 | 37 |
Kao et al., 2014 [14] | Taiwan | 412 | E-test | NA | 16 | NA | 1 |
Selgrad et al., 2014 [25] | Germany | 66 | E-test | 30 | 4 | 27 | 2 |
Ayala et al., 2011 [26] | Mexico | 90 | E-test | 47 | 17 | 4 | 5 |
Marzio et al., 2011 [27] | Italy | 68 | Agar dilution | NA | NA | 12 | 15 |
Norazah et al., 2009 [28] | Malaysia | 22 | E-test | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
Matteo et al., 2006 [15] | Argentina | 42 | Agar dilution | 6 | 8 | NA | NA |
Raymond et al., 2005 [29] | France | 28 | E-test | 22 | 14 | 13 | 3 |
Lee et al., 2005 [30] | South Korea | 21 | Agar dilution | 4 | 12 | 2 | 5 |
Rimbara et al., 2005 [31] | Japan | 542 (541) | Agar dilution | 4 | 4 | 39 | 25 |
Kim et al., 2003 [13] | South Korea | 220 | Agar dilution | 72 | 28 | 7 | 6 |
Masuda et al., 2003 [32] | Japan | 65 | PCR-SSCP, sequencing | NA | NA | 5 | 11 |
van der Ende et al., 2001 [33] | Netherlands | 976 | E-test | NA | NA | 45 | 6 |
Weel et al., 1996 [34] | Netherlands | 156 | Disk diffusion test, E-test | 37 | 52 | NA | NA |