Bacterial and fungal growth in sputum cultures from 165 COVID-19 pneumonia patients requiring intubation: evidence for antimicrobial resistance development and analysis of risk factors

Table 3 Timing of antimicrobial resistance development during hospitalisation

Pt age, sex	Admit from	Med risk factors	Prior hosp^aantibx^b	Organism	Resistance acquired	Episode type and number^c	Days post-adm/intubation
49 M	Home	DM	No, No	Ps. a	Aztreonam	Late PNA	37/28
					Ceftazidime	third
					pip/tazo
60 F	Home	DM	No, No	Ps. a	Imipenem	Late PNA	39/38
		fmr smoker				second
73 F	Home	CVA	No, Yes	Ps. a	Aztreonam	Late PNA	23/20
		endomet CA	(amox/clav)		ticar/clav	second
					meropenem
75 M	NH	asthma	Yes, No	MSSA	Replaced by MRSA	Late PNA	12/12
		dementia				first
		aspiration
		EtOH abuse
74 M	Home	OSA	No, No	Ps. a	ticar/clav	Late PNA	45/40
		AVMs				first
74 F	Home	fmr smoker	No, Yes	Ps. a	Ceftazidime	Late PNA	11/10
			(oseltam)		then carba	first
54 M	Home	DM	No, Yes	MSSA	Replaced by MRSA	Late PNA	23/20
		fmr smoker	(azithro)			second
66 F	Home	OSA	No, No	Ps. a	ticar/clav	Late PNA	30/27
		seizures			then aztreo	first
		inter lung dis			pip/tazo
60 M	Home	DM	No, No	Enter a	Aztreonam	Late PNA	58/54
		fmr smoker			3 gen ceph	fourth
		prostate CA			ticar/clav
					ertapenem
84 F	Home	afib	Yes, Yes	Ps. a	Aztreonam	Late PNA	30/30
		CVA	(doxy,		ceftazidime	second
			amox/clav)		pip/tazo
					meropenem
72 M	Home	ESRD/HD	Yes, Yes	Enter c	3 gen ceph	Late PNA	20/11
		fmr smoker	(cefazolin)		pip/tazo	first
		afib
84 F	Home	DM	No, No	Klebs p	tcn	Colonization	26/26
		hx DVT/PE				second

^aPrior hospitalization within 90 days of admission
^bAntibiotics within 30 days of admission to hospital
^cEpisode defined as positive sputum culture, occurring after intubation, categorized as either late pneumonia or colonization and numbered consecutively
NH nursing home, DM diabetes mellitus, fmr smoker former smoker, endomet CA endometrial cancer, EtOH abuse alcohol abuse, OSA obstructive sleep apnea, AVMs arteriovenous malformations, inter lung disease interstitial lung disease, prostate CA prostate cancer, CVA cerebrovascular accident, ESRD/HD endstage renal disease/haemodialysis, afib atrial fibrillation, hx DVT/PE history of deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, amox/clav amoxicillin/clavulanate, oseltam oseltamivir, azithro azithromycin, doxy doxycycline, Ps. a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MSSA methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Enter a. Enterobacter aerogenes, Enter c. Enterobacter cloacae, Klebs p. Klebsiella pneumoniae, pip/tazo piperacillin/tazobactam, ticar/clav ticarcillin/clavulanate, carba carbapenem, aztreo aztreonam, 3 gen ceph third generation cephalosporin, tcn tetracycline, PNA pneumonia

ISSN: 1476-0711