Table 2 Clinical outcomes by level of liver dysfunction
From: The risk of vancomycin toxicity in patients with liver impairment
Variable | No to mild liver dysfunction (n = 237) n (%) | Moderate to severe liver dysfunction (n = 171) n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Acute kidney injury | 9 (3.8) | 13 (7.6) | 0.0932 |
Mortality | 10 (4.2) | 24 (14.0) | 0.0004 |
Length of hospital stay, mean ± SD (days) | 8.6 ± 7.3 | 13.9 ± 10.6 | < 0.0001 |
Vancomycin trough concentration (µg/mL) | |||
 Mean ± SD | 15.3 ± 5.2 | 17.5 ± 8.4 | 0.0049 |
 Trough < 10 | 30 (12.7) | 19 (11.1) | 0.0024 |
 10 ≤ Trough ≤ 20 | 174 (73.4) | 105 (61.4) |  |
 Trough > 20 | 33 (13.9) | 47 (27.5) |  |
Vancomycin AUC:MIC ratio | |||
 Mean ± SD | 497.5 ± 117.3 | 549.4 ± 217.2 | 0.0065 |
 AUC:MIC < 400 | 40 (16.9) | 31 (18.1) | 0.0142 |
 400 ≤ AUC:MIC ≤ 600 | 156 (65.8) | 91 (53.2) |  |
 AUC:MIC > 600 | 41 (17.3) | 49 (28.7) |  |
Vancomycin volume of distribution (L) | 82.6 ± 25.2 | 79.8 ± 24.5 | 0.2120 |
Vancomycin volume of distribution per weight (L/kg) | 0.94 ± 0.13 | 0.93 ± 0.12 | 0.3622 |
 Vancomycin clearance (ml/min) | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 4.8 ± 2.0 | < 0.0001 |
Vancomycin half-life (hour) | 11.3 ± 5.1 | 13.4 ± 6.5 | 0.0012 |
Vancomycin K-elimination (ml/min) | 0.074 ± 0.035 | 0.063 ± 0.027 | 0.0012 |