Table 2 Pathogens isolated from intraoperative samples of PJI in 106 patients and their susceptibility profile to the antimicrobial therapy evaluated
From: Ceftobiprole: a potential empirical post-operative monotherapy in prosthetic joint infections
Microorganism | Number of strains (% of the total) | Ceftobiprole: resistant strains | Vancomycine + cefepime: resistant strains | Vancomycine + 3rd generation cephalosporin: resistant strains | Vancomycine + piperacillin–tazobactam: resistant strains |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gram-positive cocci | 111 (74.0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Staphylococci | 79 (52.7) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus aureus | 30 (20.0) | – | – | – | – |
MSSA | 28 (18.7) | – | – | – | – |
MRSA | 2 (1.3) | – | – | – | – |
CoNS | 49 (32.7) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | 30 (20.0) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus capitis | 7 (4.7) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus caprae | 4 (2.7) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 4 (2.7) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus pettenkoferi | 2 (1.3) | – | – | – | – |
Staphylococcus warneri | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus spp. | 20 (13.3) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus adiacens | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus anginosus | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus agalactiae | 6 (4.0) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus dysgalactiae | 3 (2.0) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus gallolyticus | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus gordonii | 2 (1.3) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus mitis/oralis | 2 (1.3) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus parasanguinis | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus sanguinis | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Streptococcus vestibularis | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Enterococci | 12 (8.0) | 1 | – | – | – |
Enterococcus faecalis | 11 (7.3) | – | – | – | – |
Enterococcus raffinosus | 1 (0.7) | 1 | – | – | – |
Gram-negative bacilli | 24 (16.0) | 6 | 5 | 8 | 4 |
Enterobacteriales | 20 (13.3) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
Citrobacter freundii | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Citrobacter koseri | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Enterobacter cloacae (2 ESBL-producing strain) | 3 (2.0) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Escherichia coli (1 ESBL-producing strain) | 4 (2.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Klebsiella pneumoniae (1 ESBL-producing strain) | 4 (2.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Morganella morganii | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Proteus mirabilis | 4 (2.7) | – | – | – | – |
Serratia marcescens | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Non-fermenting bacilli | 4 (2.7) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 (2.0) | 1 | – | 3 | – |
Acinetobacter baumannii (OXA23-producing strain) | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Anaerobes | 8 (5.3) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Cutibacterium acnes | 5 (3.3) | – | – | – | – |
Cutibacterium avidum | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Clostridium perfringens | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | 1 (0.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | – |
Others | 7 (4.7) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Bacillus cereus | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Bacillus pumilus | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Corynebacterium striatum | 1 (0.7) | – | – | – | – |
Micrococcus luteus | 2 (1.3) | – | – | – | – |
Yeast | 2 (1.3) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Total number of strains | 150 (100) | 10 | 8 | 11 | 6 |