Table 2 Pooled proportions of drug resistant Shigella isolated in Ethiopia from 1999 to 2018
| Â | Antibiotic resistance rate reported by 25 studies | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roma et al. [32] | Mache [26] | Andualem et al. [15] | Huruy et al. [16] | Tiruneh et al. [18] | Huruy et al. [19] | Debas et al. [20] | Reda et al. [40] | Beyene and Tasew [27] | Demissie et al. [21] | Mengistu et al. [33] | Mulatu et al. [34] | Surafel et al. [28] | |
AMP | 93 | 70.1 | 100 | 81.5 | 78.9 | 80 | 93.8 | 100 | 100 | 94.1 | 47.1 | 63.6 | 100 |
AMX | – | – | – | – | – | – | 75 | 100 | 100 | 88.2 | – | 100 | – |
AMC | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CEF | 39 | 57.1 | – | – | – | – | 90.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
CHL | 63 | 40.3 | 62 | 50.8 | 67.8 | 48.3 | 53.1 | 29.4 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 29.4 | 9.1 | 71.5 |
CIP | – | – | 28 | 9.2 | 2.2 | 8.3 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 5.9 | 0 | 14.3 |
CRO | – | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | – | 0 | – | – |
SXT | 56 | 32.5 | 45 | 75.4 | 84.6 | 76.7 | 62.5 | – | 100 | 58.8 | 76.5 | 0 | 85.7 |
ERY | 90 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 90.9 | – |
GEN | 2 | 1.3 | 3 | 10.7 | 12.2 | 10 | 18.8 | 0 | 0 | 41.2 | 17.6 | 27.3 | 71.5 |
KAN | 8 | 13 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 41.2 | – | – | – |
NAL | 10 | 6.5 | 21 | – | 0 | – | – | – | 16.7 | 29.4 | 5.9 | 0 | 0 |
NOR | – | – | 0 | – | 1.1 | – | 9.4 | 5.9 | – | 0 | – | – | 0 |
TET | 90 | – | 86 | 87.7 | 90 | 85 | 93.8 | 70.6 | – | 88.2 | 82.4 | – | 71.5 |
MDR | 82 | 85.7 | 96.6 | 81.5 | 94.5 | 83.3 | 93.8 | 100 | 100 | 94.1 | 50 | 100 | 85.7 |
| Â | Antibiotic resistance rate reported by 25 studies | Pooled prevalence (95% CI) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gebrekidan et al. [41] | Mamuye et al. [39] | Mama and Alemu [35] | Lamboro et al. [29] | Mulu et al. [23] | Gebreegziabher et al. [43] | Ameya et al. [36] | Marami et al. [31] | Terfassa et al. [30] | Feleke et al. [25] | Abebe et al. [37] | Mengist [24] | ||
AMP | 100 | 95.7 | – | 100 | 100 | 88.9 | 100 | 33.3 | – | 100 | 82.4 | 100 | 83.1 (75.7–88.6) |
AMX | 86.7 |  | 100 |  | – | – | – | – | 77.8 | 100 | – | – | 84.1 (75.6–90.1) |
AMC | 33.3 | 91.4 | 40 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 59.1 (19.6–89.5) |
CEF | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 63.0 (37.3–83.0) |
CHL | 46.7 | 21.7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 55.6 | 50 | 50 | 11.1 | 40 | 47.1 | 80 | 47.6 (39.9–55.5) |
CIP | 6.7 | 4.3 |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 17.6 | 0 | 8.9 (6.0–12.8) |
CRO | – | 4.3 | 0 | – | 50 | 0 | – | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 17.6 |  | 9.3 (3.9–20.05) |
SXT | 66.7 | 52.5 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 55.6 | 25 | 66.7 | – | 40 | 64.7 | 20 | 59.4 (49.3–68.8) |
ERY | – | – | – | – | 100 | – | 62.5 | – | – | – | – | – | 86.5 (70.9–94.4) |
GEN | 13.7 | 17.4 | 0 | 0 | – | 27.8 | 25 | 33.3 | 11.1 | 60 | 76.5 | 0 | 17.3 (11.2–25.9) |
KAN | – | – | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | – | 11.6 (5.9–21.6) |
NAL | – | 21.7 | – | 50 |  | 27.8 | – | – | 11.1 | – | 0 | – | 13.4 (8.4–20.6) |
NOR | 6.7 | – | – | 0 | 100 | 0 | 12.5 | 16.7 | 0 | – | 0 | 20 | 8.2 (3.8–16.6) |
TET | – | – | – | 100 | 100 | 77.8 | – | 83.3 | – | 60 | – | 80 | 86.1 (82.5–89.6) |
MDR | 80 | 87 | 100 | 100 | 60 | 88.9 | 75 | 85.7 | 33.3 | 100 | 63.2 | NR | 83.2 (77.1–87.9) |