Antimicrobial susceptibility among Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms collected from the Latin American region between 2004 and 2015 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial

Vega, Silvio; Dowzicky, Michael J.

doi:10.1186/s12941-017-0222-0

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

Table 5 Antimicrobial activity among Gram-negative organisms collected in Latin America, 2004–2015

From: Antimicrobial susceptibility among Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms collected from the Latin American region between 2004 and 2015 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial

Species (no. isolates) and antimicrobial agent	MIC (mg/L)			Susceptibility
Species (no. isolates) and antimicrobial agent	MIC₅₀	MIC₉₀	MIC range	% S	% R
Klebsiella pneumoniae (4032)
Amikacin	2	32	≤0.5 to ≥128	86.9	8.9
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	16	≥64	≤0.12 to ≥64	47.3	35.3
Ampicillin (N = 4024)	≥64	≥64	1 to ≥64	1.3	92.8
Cefepime	1	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	55.8	33.9
Ceftriaxone	2	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	49.1	49.7
Levofloxacin	0.25	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	65.3	31.6
Meropenem (N = 3555)^a	≤0.06	1	≤0.06 to ≥32	90.9	7.3
Minocycline	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	61.4	25.2
Piperacillin–tazobactam	4	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	64.0	25.4
Tigecycline	0.5	2	≤0.008 to ≥32	95.7	0.9
Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL (1465/4032)
Amikacin	8	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	75.3	16.4
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	32	≥64	≤0.12 to ≥64	12.8	57.7
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	4 to ≥64	0.1	99.6
Cefepime	32	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	11.2	71.3
Ceftriaxone	≥128	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	1.0	97.8
Levofloxacin	8	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	39.4	55.6
Meropenem (N = 1270)^a	≤0.06	4	≤0.06 to ≥32	86.9	10.2
Minocycline	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	51.6	31.5
Piperacillin–tazobactam	64	≥256	0.12 to ≥256	35.5	45.1
Tigecycline	0.5	2	0.03 to 16	93.4	1.4
Klebsiella oxytoca (409)
Amikacin	2	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	95.6	2.9
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	4	32	0.25 to ≥64	70.4	17.6
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	1.7	90.6
Cefepime	≤0.5	16	≤0.5 to ≥64	79.5	13.0
Ceftriaxone	0.12	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	69.7	27.6
Levofloxacin	0.06	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	82.9	15.6
Meropenem (N = 333)^a	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to 16	97.6	1.5
Minocycline	2	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	79.0	11.2
Piperacillin–tazobactam	2	64	≤0.06 to ≥256	84.6	9.8
Tigecycline	0.25	1	0.06 to 4	98.0	0.0
Klebsiella oxytoca, ESBL (67/409)
Amikacin	4	32	≤0.5 to ≥128	89.6	6.0
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	16	≥64	0.25 to ≥64	26.9	35.8
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	32 to ≥64	0.0	100
Cefepime	8	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	26.9	49.3
Ceftriaxone	64	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	3.0	91.0
Levofloxacin	2	≥16	0.03 to ≥16	55.2	41.8
Meropenem (N = 48)^a	≤0.06	0.25	≤0.06 to 16	95.8	4.2
Minocycline	8	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	49.3	22.4
Piperacillin–tazobactam	8	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	61.2	22.4
Tigecycline	0.5	2	0.06 to 4	94.0	0.0
Escherichia coli (4912)
Amikacin	2	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	95.8	2.2
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	8	32	≤0.12 to ≥64	51.7	22.0
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	21.2	77.7
Cefepime	≤0.5	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	67.6	23.2
Ceftriaxone	0.12	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	60.2	37.9
Levofloxacin	4	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	47.8	48.8
Meropenem (N = 4284)^a	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	98.1	1.3
Minocycline	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	61.9	24.0
Piperacillin–tazobactam	2	32	≤0.06 to ≥256	85.7	6.9
Tigecycline	0.25	0.5	≤0.008 to ≥32	99.7	<0.1
Escherichia coli, ESBL (1246/4912)
Amikacin	4	16	≤0.5 to ≥128	90.6	4.5
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	16	32	0.25 to ≥64	23.4	34.1
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	1 to ≥64	0.7	99.0
Cefepime	32	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	11.0	71.6
Ceftriaxone	≥128	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	1.3	97.0
Levofloxacin	≥16	≥16	0.015 to ≥16	11.8	84.4
Meropenem (N = 1103)^a	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	97.0	2.2
Minocycline	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	55.4	30.2
Piperacillin–tazobactam	8	128	≤0.06 to ≥256	74.4	10.6
Tigecycline	0.25	0.5	≤0.008 to 4	99.8	0.0
Enterobacter spp. (3818)
Amikacin	2	16	≤0.5 to ≥128	90.2	5.9
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	≥64	≥64	≤0.12 to ≥64	5.1	91.8
Ampicillin (N = 3810)	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	3.7	90.0
Cefepime	≤0.5	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	70.5	17.6
Ceftriaxone	0.5	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	53.5	43.8
Levofloxacin	0.12	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	78.4	18.6
Meropenem (N = 3320)^a	≤0.06	0.5	≤0.06 to ≥32	95.1	3.3
Minocycline	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	63.4	19.6
Piperacillin–tazobactam	4	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	71.9	16.8
Tigecycline	0.5	2	≤0.008 to ≥32	95.7	0.6
Serratia marcescens (1577)
Amikacin	2	32	≤0.5 to ≥128	83.4	9.1
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	≥64	≥64	≤0.12 to ≥64	4.9	91.8
Ampicillin (N = 1575)	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	2.8	90.2
Cefepime	≤0.5	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	76.0	16.5
Ceftriaxone	0.5	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	67.1	29.7
Levofloxacin	0.25	8	≤0.008 to ≥16	84.9	10.6
Meropenem (N = 1347)^a	≤0.06	0.5	≤0.06 to ≥32	95.0	3.7
Minocycline	4	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	64.1	14.8
Piperacillin–tazobactam	2	128	≤0.06 to ≥256	83.4	10.1
Tigecycline	1	2	≤0.008 to 16	94.8	0.8
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3613)
Amikacin	4	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	72.8	20.1
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	≥64	≥64	0.5 to ≥64	–	–
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	1 to ≥64	–	–
Cefepime	8	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	60.4	25.4
Ceftazidime	8	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	56.8	33.4
Ceftriaxone	64	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	–	–
Levofloxacin	2	≥16	0.015 to ≥16	53.5	40.0
Meropenem (N = 3151)^a	2	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	53.8	36.9
Minocycline	≥32	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Piperacillin–tazobactam	16	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	58.5	24.4
Tigecycline	8	16	≤0.008 to ≥32	–	–
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MDR (966/3613)
Amikacin	64	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	24.5	66.7
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	≥64	≥64	4 to ≥64	–	–
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	1 to ≥64	–	–
Cefepime	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	8.8	72.6
Ceftazidime	32	≥64	2 to ≥64	8.7	81.5
Ceftriaxone	≥128	≥128	4 to ≥128	–	–
Levofloxacin	≥16	≥16	0.25 to ≥16	2.2	95.4
Meropenem (N = 861)^a	≥32	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	4.6	90.0
Minocycline	≥32	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Piperacillin–tazobactam	128	≥256	0.5 to ≥256	11.2	62.7
Tigecycline	16	≥32	0.25 to ≥32	–	–
Acinetobacter baumannii (2354)
Amikacin	64	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	30.8	55.9
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	≥64	≥64	0.25 to ≥64	–	–
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	–	–
Cefepime	32	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	22.0	65.2
Ceftazidime	32	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	17.2	74.9
Ceftriaxone	≥128	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	9.1	79.4
Levofloxacin	8	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	19.3	69.4
Meropenem (N = 2046)^a	≥32	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	25.7	69.9
Minocycline	≤0.5	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	88.3	6.7
Piperacillin–tazobactam	≥256	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	17.2	74.8
Tigecycline	0.5	2	≤0.008 to ≥32	–	–
Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR (1654/2354)
Amikacin	≥128	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	11.5	77.1
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	≥64	≥64	8 to ≥64	–	–
Ampicillin	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	–	–
Cefepime	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	5.3	82.3
Ceftazidime	≥64	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	4.3	89.8
Ceftriaxone	≥128	≥128	0.25 to ≥128	0.4	95.1
Levofloxacin	≥16	≥16	0.03 to ≥16	1.6	90.7
Meropenem (N = 1493)^a	≥32	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	6.8	89.8
Minocycline	1	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	86.2	8.4
Piperacillin–tazobactam	≥256	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	1.7	93.3
Tigecycline	0.5	2	0.03 to ≥32	–	–
Haemophilus influenzae (1300)
Amikacin (N = 1299)	4	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	–	–
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	0.5	2	≤0.12 to ≥64	99.4	0.6
Ampicillin	≤0.5	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	77.8	19.5
Cefepime	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5 to 16	99.3	–
Ceftriaxone	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 32	99.7	–
Levofloxacin	0.015	0.03	≤0.008 to 2	100	–
Meropenem (N = 1075)^a	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to 0.5	100	–
Minocycline (N = 1299)	≤0.5	1	≤0.5 to 16	98.8	0.5
Piperacillin–tazobactam	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 16	99.3	0.7
Tigecycline	0.12	0.25	≤0.008 to 2	97.8	–
Haemophilus influenzae, βLPos (270/1300)
Amikacin	4	8	≤0.5 to 16	–	–
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid	1	2	≤0.12 to ≥64	98.5	1.5
Ampicillin	16	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	0.7	92.6
Cefepime	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5 to 16	98.9	–
Ceftriaxone	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 16	99.6	–
Levofloxacin	0.015	0.03	≤0.008 to 0.5	100	–
Meropenem (N = 236)^a	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to 0.5	100	–
Minocycline	≤0.5	1	≤0.5 to 16	98.1	0.7
Piperacillin–tazobactam	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 16	99.6	0.4
Tigecycline	0.12	0.25	≤0.008 to 0.5	98.5	–

–, no CLSI breakpoints available
MIC minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC ₅₀ MIC required to inhibit growth of 50% of isolates, MIC ₉₀ MIC required to inhibit growth of 90% of isolates, S susceptible, R resistant, ESBL extended-spectrum β-lactamase, βLPos β-lactamase positive, MDR multidrug-resistant
^aSusceptibility data for imipenem were collected from 2004 to 2006, after which time imipenem was replaced by meropenem

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