Table 3 Bacteria isolated and associated resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin and 3rd generation cephalosporin
Bacteria | n | Natural resistance | n | Acquired resistance | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enterobacteriaceae | |||||
Escherichia coli | 25 | High-level penicillinase (AMC-R) | 3 | ||
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 9 | Inhibitor-resistant TEM (AMC-R) | 2 | ||
Enterobacter spp. | 5 | ampC chromosomal inducible cephalosporinase (AMC-Ra) | 5 | Cephalosporinase hyperproduction (AMC-R and 3GC-Rb) | 3 |
Proteus mirabilis | 3 | ESBL (AMC-R and 3GC-R) | 1 | ||
Others | 5 | ||||
Non-Enterobacteriaceae Gram-negative bacteria | |||||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2 | ampC chromosomal Inducible and low permeability (AMC-R and 3GC-R) | 2 | ||
Others | 3 | ||||
Streptococcus spp. | |||||
Group D Streptococci | 12 | ||||
Viridans Streptococci | 12 | ||||
Streptococcus milleri group | 4 | ||||
Streptococcus pyogenes | 3 | ||||
Streptococcus agalactiae | 3 | ||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 2 | ||||
Group C Streptococci | 2 | ||||
Enterococcus spp. | |||||
Enterococcus faecalis | 3 | PBP5 (3GC-R) | 4 | ||
Enterococcus faecium | 1 | High-level PBP5 (AMC-R) | 1 | ||
Staphylococcus aureus | 11 | PBP2A (AMC-R and 3GC-R) | 1 | ||
APH 2′′-AAC 6′ (GM-Rc) | 2 | ||||
Other Gram-positive | |||||
Gemella haemolysans | 1 | ||||
Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | PBP3 (3GC-R) | 2 | ||
Anaerobes | Lack of drug uptake (GM-R) | 7 | |||
Bacteroides spp. | 4 | Class A β-lactamase (3GC-R) | 4 | ||
Fusobacterium nucleatum | 1 | ||||
Parvimonas micra | 1 | ||||
Eubacterium spp. | 1 | ||||