Fig. 1

A Pattern of invasion of Cryptococcus neoformans into intracranial compartments in the setting of advanced HIV-infection*. a Arachnoid; b subarachnoid space; c pia mater; d brain parenchima; 1 Cryptococci exiting arteries into the subarachnoid space; 2 Cryptococci exiting pial arterioles into the perivascular spaces; and 3 Cryptococci exiting parenchymal capillaries (*Modified and adapted from Reference [10]). B Gram-staining of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a 32-year old female demonstrating large number of yeasts (oil immersion 10 × 100). She presented with a 6-week history of headache, episodes of confusion, and severe nausea. Her Cryptococcal antigen titer in CSF was >1:2200. She was found to be HIV-infected with a CD4 cell count of 2 cells/µL. C Micrographs of brain parenchyma demonstrating Cryptococcus identified in a perivascular space (H&E staining 40× magnification)