Susceptibility of important Gram-negative pathogens to tigecycline and other antibiotics in Latin America between 2004 and 2010

Fernández-Canigia, Liliana; Dowzicky, Michael J

doi:10.1186/1476-0711-11-29

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

Table 1 Antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative organisms collected from Latin America (2004 – 2010)

From: Susceptibility of important Gram-negative pathogens to tigecycline and other antibiotics in Latin America between 2004 and 2010

Organisms/antimicrobial		MIC (mg/L)			Percentage
Organisms/antimicrobial	N	50	90	Range	S	I	R
non-ESBL *E. coli*
Amikacin	2711	2	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	97.2	1.2	1.7
Amoxi/clav	2711	8	32	≤0.12 to ≥64	60.5	21.2	18.4
Ampicillin	2711	≥64	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	28.6	1.5	69.9
Cefepime	2711	≤0.5	4	≤0.5 to ≥64	94.3	2.1	3.6
Ceftazidime^a	2711	≤8	16	≤1 to ≥64	-	-	11.7
Ceftriaxone	2711	≤0.06	32	≤0.06 to ≥128	82.0	2.3	15.6
Imipenem	485	0.25	0.5	≤0.06 to ≥32	98.6	0.6	0.8
Levofloxacin	2711	0.25	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	60.9	3.0	36.2
Meropenem	2226	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	98.6	0.4	1.0
Minocycline	2711	4	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	62.4	14.3	23.2
Pip/taz	2711	2	32	≤0.06 to ≥256	88.8	5.2	6.0
Tigecycline	2711	0.25	0.5	≤0.008 to ≥32	99.7	0.2	<0.1^c
ESBL *E. coli*
Amikacin	870	4	32	≤0.5 to ≥128	89.7	5.1	5.3
Amoxi/clav	870	16	32	0.25 to ≥64	21.1	42.5	36.3
Cefepime	870	32	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	28.2	14.3	57.6
Ceftazidime^a	870	16	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	-	-	65.5
Ceftriaxone	870	≥128	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	1.1	2.0	96.9
Imipenem	143	0.25	0.5	≤0.06 to 8	97.9	0.7	1.4
Levofloxacin	870	≥16	≥16	0.015 to ≥16	11.5	3.4	85.1
Meropenem	727	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	96.4	1.2	2.3
Minocycline	870	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	52.3	14.6	33.1
Pip/taz	870	8	64	≤0.06 to ≥256	73.9	16.1	10.0
Tigecycline	870	0.25	0.5	≤0.008 to 4	99.8	0.2	0.0
Non-ESBL *K. pneumoniae*
Amikacin	1917	2	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	93.4	1.8	4.8
Amoxi/clav	1917	4	≥64	0.25 to ≥64	67.5	10.0	22.5
Cefepime	1917	≤0.5	16	≤0.5 to ≥64	87.7	2.8	9.4
Ceftazidime^a	1917	≤8	32	≤1 to ≥64	-	-	17.2
Ceftriaxone	1917	≤0.06	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	77.1	1.4	21.5
Imipenem	275	0.5	0.5	≤0.06 to ≥32	98.9	0.0	1.1
Levofloxacin	1917	0.06	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	80.1	2.1	17.7
Meropenem	1642	≤0.06	0.25	≤0.06 to ≥32	94.6	1.0	4.4
Minocycline	1917	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	65.8	11.1	23.1
Pip/taz	1917	4	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	79.6	6.2	14.2
Tigecycline	1917	0.5	1	≤0.008 to ≥32	96.9	2.3	0.8
ESBL *K. pneumoniae*
Amikacin	1045	8	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	71.2	8.3	20.5
Amoxi/clav	1045	32	≥64	≤0.12 to ≥64	13.1	30.6	56.3
Cefepime	1045	32	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	29.2	12.1	58.8
Ceftazidime^a	1045	32	≥64	≤2 to ≥64	-	-	81.1
Ceftriaxone	1045	≥128	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	1.0	1.2	97.8
Imipenem	199	0.5	1	≤0.06 to 16	96.0	2.5	1.5
Levofloxacin	1045	8	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	38.2	5.5	56.4
Meropenem	846	≤0.06	2	≤0.06 to ≥32	89.0	2.4	8.6
Minocycline	1045	8	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	49.0	17.1	33.9
Pip/taz	1045	64	≥256	0.12 to ≥256	34.5	20.8	44.7
Tigecycline	1045	0.5	2	0.03 to 16	93.7	4.9	1.4
*K. oxytoca*
Amikacin	311	2	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	94.9	1.6	3.5
Amoxi/clav	311	4	32	0.25 to ≥64	69.1	11.9	19.0
Cefepime	311	≤0.5	16	≤0.5 to ≥64	85.5	5.8	8.7
Ceftazidime^a	311	≤8	32	≤1 to ≥64	-	-	20.9
Ceftriaxone	311	0.12	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	68.5	2.9	28.6
Imipenem	76	0.5	0.5	≤0.06 to 1	100	0.0	0.0
Levofloxacin	311	0.06	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	81.0	1.3	17.7
Meropenem	235	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to 16	97.4	1.3	1.3
Minocycline	311	2	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	77.5	10.3	12.2
Pip/taz	311	2	128	≤0.06 to ≥256	83.6	6.1	10.3
Tigecycline	311	0.25	1	0.06 to 4	97.7	2.3	0.0
*Enterobacter* spp.
Amikacin	2804	2	32	≤0.5 to ≥128	89.2	4.4	6.5
Amoxi/clav	2804	≥64	≥64	≤0.12 to ≥64	4.7	3.0	92.3
Cefepime	2804	≤0.5	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	81.4	4.6	14.1
Ceftazidime^a	2804	≤8	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	-	-	40.5
Ceftriaxone	2804	1	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	51.9	2.6	45.5
Imipenem	493	0.5	1	≤0.06 to ≥32	95.9	2.6	1.4
Levofloxacin	2804	0.12	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	78.2	3.1	18.8
Meropenem	2311	≤0.06	0.5	≤0.06 to ≥32	94.3	1.9	3.8
Minocycline	2804	4	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	61.9	17.7	20.3
Pip/taz	2804	4	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	70.1	11.7	18.1
Tigecycline	2804	0.5	2	≤0.008 to ≥32	96.0	3.5	0.5
*S. marcescens*
Amikacin	1126	2	64	≤0.5 to ≥128	82.6	7.2	10.2
Amoxi/clav	1126	≥64	≥64	≤0.12 to ≥64	4.4	2.9	92.6
Cefepime	1126	≤0.5	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	83.6	3.7	12.7
Ceftazidime^a	1126	≤8	32	≤1 to ≥64	-	-	17.5
Ceftriaxone	1126	0.5	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	67.8	3.4	28.9
Imipenem	229	0.5	1	≤0.06 to 8	91.7	6.1	2.2
Levofloxacin	1126	0.25	4	≤0.008 to ≥16	86.2	4.4	9.3
Meropenem	897	≤0.06	0.25	≤0.06 to 8	96.2	1.8	2.0
Minocycline	1126	4	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	61.3	23.6	15.1
Pip/taz	1126	2	64	≤0.06 to ≥256	84.0	6.9	9.1
Tigecycline	1126	1	2	≤0.008 to 16	95.5	3.7	0.8
*H. influenzae*
Amoxi/clav	908	0.5	1	≤0.12 to 16	99.3	0.0	0.7
Ampicillin	908	≤0.5	16	≤0.5 to ≥64	78.7	2.5	18.7
Cefepime	908	≤0.5	≤0.5	≤0.5 to 8	99.6	--	--
Ceftazidime^b	902	≤8	≤8	≤8 to 16	--	--	--
Ceftriaxone	908	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 2	100	--	--
Imipenem	217	0.5	1	≤0.06 to 4	100	--	--
Levofloxacin	908	0.015	0.03	≤0.008 to 2	100	--	--
Meropenem	691	≤0.06	0.12	≤0.06 to 0.5	100	--	--
Minocycline	908	≤0.5	1	≤0.5 to 16	98.7	0.8	0.6
Pip/taz	908	≤0.06	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 4	99.7	0.0	0.3
Tigecycline	908	0.12	0.25	≤0.008 to 0.5	98.8	--	--
*A. baumannii*
Amikacin	1806	64	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	30.4	12.0	57.6
Cefepime	1806	32	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	25.3	14.4	60.3
Ceftazidime	1806	≥64	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	18.5	7.8	73.8
Ceftriaxone	1806	≥128	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	10.5	11.1	78.4
Imipenem	307	2	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	62.5	3.9	33.6
Levofloxacin	1806	8	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	20.9	11.4	67.8
Meropenem	1499	≥32	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	33.9	5.5	60.6
Minocycline	1806	≤0.5	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	89.4	4.6	6.0
Pip/taz	1806	≥256	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	18.7	9.1	72.2
Tigecycline	1806	0.5	2	≤0.008 to ≥32	--	--	--
*P. aeruginosa*
Amikacin	2734	4	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	71.8	8.1	20.0
Cefepime	2734	8	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	59.8	15.2	25.1
Ceftazidime	2734	≤8	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	54.9	10.6	34.5
Imipenem	461	1	16	0.12 to ≥32	66.8	15.0	18.2
Levofloxacin	2734	2	≥16	0.015 to ≥16	52.6	6.1	41.4
Meropenem	2273	2	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	64.2	9.6	26.2
Minocycline	2734	16	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	--	--	--
Pip/taz	2734	16	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	75.3	0.0	24.7
Tigecycline	2734	8	≥32	≤0.008 to ≥32	--	--	--

S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant; amoxi/clav, amoxicillin-clavulanate; pip/taz, piperacillin-tazobactam.
-- No CLSI breakpoints available.
^a The ceftazidime testing range against the Enterobacteriaceae started at 8 μg/mL, therefore susceptible and intermediate classifications can not be calculated.
^b The ceftazidime testing range against H. influenzae started at 8 μg/mL, therefore a susceptible classification can not be calculated.
^c 0.04%, 1 isolate, collected in 2009. The isolate was collected in Mexico in 2009 from a male inpatient. The isolate was also resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and minocycline.

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