The oral microbiota is a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: resistome and phenotypic resistance characteristics of oral biofilm in health, caries, and periodontitis

Table 2 Phenotypic testing (Etest method) for antibiotic resistance of cultured isolates from healthy participants (H), caries patients (C), and periodontitis patients (P)

	Total nr of tested isolates	% Resistant in H, C, P	% Resistant in H	% Resistant in C	% Resistant in P
Gentamicin	586	74.57	73.12	76.80	73.97
Azithromycin	249	69.48	60.71	81.82	68.69
Ciprofloxacin	586	52.22	51.61	59.67	46.58
Fosfomycin	249	45.78	44.05	45.45	47.47
Erythromycin	586	39.08	43.01	38.12	36.53
Colistin	249	36.95	35.71	33.33	40.40
Cefuroxime	586	23.21	22.58	28.18	19.63
Clindamycin	997	21.26	21.85	18.33	23.12
Metronidazole	411	19.46	22.30	21.85	15.03
Tetracycline	997	16.45	16.62	17.67	15.32
Penicillin	748	15.51	21.58	15.38	10.26
Moxifloxacin	748	14.97	14.94	18.80	11.72
Ampicillin	997	10.03	13.23	9.00	8.06
Tigecycline	586	6.83	5.91	8.29	6.39
Vancomycin	337	0.30	0.98	0.00	0.00
Meropenem	586	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Numbers and percentages of isolates in resp. groups resistant to tested antibiotics are shown

ISSN: 1476-0711