Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors for CRE colonization in patients with liver disease
Variable | CRE colonization (N = 39) | CRE Non-colonization (N = 508) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||
 Man gender | 29 (74.36%) | 368 (72.44%) | 0.796 |
 Age, median(IQR) | 53.77 ± 2.07 | 53 (46–63) | 0.675 |
 Duration of Hospitalization(days) | 30 (17–43) | 11 (7–19) | 0.000 |
Hospitalization in prior 3Â months | |||
 General wards admission | 30 (76.92%) | 310 (61.02%) | 0.049 |
 ICU admission | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (0.39%) | 1.000 |
Liver diseases | |||
 ACLF | 17 (43.59%) | 92 (18.11%) | 0.000 |
 Spontaneous peritonitis | 16 (41.03%) | 91 (17.91%) | 0.000 |
 Hepatic encephalopathy | 5 (12.82%) | 39 (7.68%) | 0.405 |
 Hepatorenal syndrome | 2 (5.13%) | 28 (5.51%) | 1.000 |
Underlying diseases | |||
 Hypertension | 10 (25.64%) | 102 (20.08%) | 0.407 |
 Diabetes | 2 (5.13%) | 73 (14.37%) | 0.106 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 0 (0.00%) | 14 (2.76%) | 0.600 |
 Cerebral infarction | 2 (5.13%) | 12 (2.36%) | 0.597 |
 COPD | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (1.18%) | 1.000 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (0.59%) | 1.000 |
 Malignant tumors | 3 (7.69%) | 24 (4.72%) | 0.659 |
 Hematological tumor | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (1.57%) | 1.000 |
 Tuberculosis | 1(2.56%) | 14 (2.76%) | 1.000 |
 AIDS | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
Invasive procedure in prior 3Â months | |||
 Surgery | 3 (7.69%) | 68 (13.39%) | 0.308 |
 Deep venous catheterization | 0 (0.00%) | 4 (0.79%) | 1.000 |
 Tracheal intubation | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.20%) | 1.000 |
 Tracheotomy | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Thoracentesis/Catheterization | 1 (2.56%) | 6 (1.18%) | 0.406 |
 Paracentesis/Catheterization | 2 (5.13%) | 22 (4.33%) | 1.000 |
 Bone marrow aspiration/Biopsy | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (0.39%) | 1.000 |
 Lumbar puncture | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Liver aspiration/Biopsy | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (1.18%) | 1.000 |
 Urinary catheter | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (0.39%) | 1.000 |
 Bronchoscopy | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Gastroscopy | 0 (0.00%) | 7 (1.38%) | 1.000 |
 Colonoscopy | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (0.59%) | 1.000 |
 Blood Dialysis | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Artificial liver support | 2 (5.13%) | 18 (3.54%) | 0.948 |
 Organ Transplant | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
Infections in prior 3Â months | |||
 Pulmonary infection | 12 (30.77%) | 49 (9.65%) | 0.000 |
 Urinary tract infection | 2 (5.13%) | 35 (6.89%) | 0.927 |
 Other infections | 3 (7.69%) | 23 (4.53%) | 0.614 |
Use of immunosuppressants | 4 (10.26%) | 34 (6.69%) | 0.605 |
Use of steroids | 2 (5.13%) | 17 (3.35%) | 0.895 |
Antibiotic use in prior 3Â months | |||
 Semi-synthetic penicillins/β-lactamase inhibitor | 0 (0.00%) | 20 (3.94%) | 0.412 |
 Cephalosporins | 0 (0.00%) | 15 (2.95%) | 0.562 |
 Third generation cephalosporins/β-lactamase inhibitor | 12 (30.77%) | 27 (5.31%) | 0.000 |
 Carbapenem | 0 (0.00%) | 14 (2.74%) | 0.600 |
 Fluoroquinolone | 4 (10.26%) | 22 (4.33%) | 0.199 |
 Aminoglycosides | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (0.39%) | 1.000 |
 Tigecycline | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (0.98%) | 1.000 |
 Teicoplanin | 0 (0.00%) | 7 (1.38%) | 1.000 |
 Linezolid | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (0.59%) | 1.000 |
 Polymyxin | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Vancomycin | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Antianaerobic | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (0.39%) | 1.000 |
 Sulfonamides | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Anti-fungal regimen | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (0.98%) | 1.000 |
 Macrolides | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | – |
 Combined use of antimicrobials (≥ 2 antimicrobials) | 3 (7.69%) | 24 (4.72%) | 0.659 |