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Table 5 Adjusted associations between antibiotic exposure with growth outcomes and related Z scores

From: Early-life antibiotic exposure increases the risk of childhood overweight and obesity in relation to dysbiosis of gut microbiota: a birth cohort study

Variables

Estimate (95% CI)

P

Outcomes at one year

Overweight (RR)

2.164 (1.528, 3.063)

< 0.001

Obesity (RR)

2.932 (1.370, 6.278)

0.006

Weight (kg) (β)

-0.075 (-0.237, 0.087)

0.365

BMI (kg/m2) (β)

0.450 (0.256, 0.644)

< 0.001

LAZ (β)

0.118 (-0.030, 0.267)

0.117

WAZ (β)

0.293 (0.162, 0.423)

< 0.001

BMI Z (β)

0.319 (0.186, 0.452)

< 0.001

Outcomes at one and a half years

Overweight (RR)

2.245 (0.832, 6.063)

0.110

Obesity (RR)

3.985 (1.900, 8.357)

< 0.001

Weight (kg) (β)

0.615 (0.487, 0.743)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2) (β)

0.710 (0.580, 0.840)

< 0.001

LAZ (β)

0.570 (-0.310, 1.452)

0.202

WAZ (β)

0.430 (0.339, 0.522)

< 0.001

BMI Z (β)

0.477 (0.389, 0.565)

< 0.001

Outcomes at two years

Overweight (RR)

4.594 (3.275, 6.443)

< 0.001

Obesity (RR)

4.507 (1.970, 10.312)

< 0.001

Weight (kg) (β)

0.868 (0.713, 1.022)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2) (β)

0.971 (0.831, 1.111)

< 0.001

LAZ (β)

0.078 (-0.029, 0.184)

0.152

WAZ (β)

0.571 (0.467, 0.676)

< 0.001

BMI Z (β)

0.705 (0.602, 0.808)

< 0.001

Outcomes at two and a half years

Overweight (RR)

2.936 (1.905, 4.527)

< 0.001

Obesity (RR)

3.073 (2.300, 4.107)

< 0.001

Weight (kg) (β)

0.907 (0.671, 1.143)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2) (β)

0.777 (0.597, 0.956)

< 0.001

LAZ (β)

0.206 (-0.041,0.453)

0.058

WAZ (β)

0.519 (0.382, 0.656)

< 0.001

BMI Z (β)

0.566 (0.433, 0.700)

< 0.001