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Table 1 The clinical characteristics and outcomes of IC and non-IC patients with Flu-p

From: The severity and risk factors for mortality in immunocompromised adult patients hospitalized with influenza-related pneumonia

Variable

Total

(n = 1313)

IC

(n = 122)

Non IC

(n = 1191)

p value

Age (yrs, median, IQR)

59.0 (45.0–76.0)

45.0 (32.8–55.3)

61.0 (49.0–78.0)

 < 0.001

Male (n,%)

710 (54.1)

61 (50.0)

649 (54.5)

0.343

Influenza A infection (n,%)

459 (35.0)

35 (28.7)

424 (35.6)

0.127

Days from illness onset to admission

(median, IQR)

3.0 (2.0–5.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

4.0 (2.0–5.0)

 < 0.001

Comorbidities (n,%)

    

Cardiovascular disease

309 (23.5)

22 (18.0)

287 (24.1)

0.133

Diabetes mellitus

162 (12.3)

14 (11.5)

148 (12.4)

0.761

Cerebrovascular disease

128 (9.7)

14 (11.5)

114 (9.6)

0.500

COPD

117 (8.9)

15 (12.3)

102 (8.6)

0.168

Chronic kidney disease

42 (3.2)

7 (5.7)

35 (2.9)

0.161

Asthma

41 (3.1)

5 (4.1)

36 (3.0)

0.706

Obesity (n,%)

86 (6.5)

5 (4.1)

81 (6.8)

0.250

Pregnancy (n,%)

9 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

9 (0.8)

1.000

Smoking history (n,%)

375 (28.6)

27 (22.1)

348 (29.2)

0.099

Baseline clinical and radiologic features (n,%)

    

Fever ≥ 38℃

990 (75.4)

78 (63.9)

912 (76.6)

0.002

Myalgia

441 (33.6)

37 (30.3)

404 (33.9)

0.424

Sore throat

235 (17.9)

19 (15.6)

216 (18.1)

0.482

Cough

1290 (98.2)

119 (97.5)

1171 (98.3)

0.532

Sputum

1032 (78.6)

90 (73.8)

942 (79.1)

0.172

Chest pain

243 (18.5)

38 (31.1)

205 (17.2)

 < 0.001

Respiratory rates ≥ 30 breaths/min

178 (13.6)

19 (15.6)

159 (13.4)

0.494

Altered mental status

179 (13.6)

12 (9.8)

167 (14.0)

0.199

SBP < 90 mmHg

21 (1.6)

4 (3.3)

17 (1.4)

0.121

Leukocytes

(× 109/L, median, IQR)

6.3 (5.2, 10.0)

6.3 (4.5, 10.1)

6.3 (5.2, 10.0)

0.390

Lymphocytes

(× 109/L, median, IQR)

08 (0.6, 1.6), n = 1211

0.6 (0.5, 1.0)

1.0 (0.6, 1.7), n = 1089

 < 0.001

HB (g/L, mean ± SD)

123.1 ± 23.0

122.9 ± 23.2

123.1 ± 23.0

0.907

ALB (g/L, mean ± SD)

28.7 ± 5.4, n = 1169

28.4 ± 6.0

28.8 ± 5.3, n = 1047

0.451

BUN (mmol/L, median, IQR)

5.3 (3.6, 8.3), n = 1221

6.6 (3.1, 8.4)

5.1 (3.1, 8.4), n = 1099

0.348

PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg, median, IQR)

317.5 (249.0, 347.0),

n = 1170

317.5 (266.3, 340.0)

316.2 (244.4, 458.6),

n = 1048

0.678

Multilobar infiltrates

958 (73.0)

85 (69.7)

873 (73.3)

0.390

Pleural effusion

439 (33.4)

58 (47.5)

381 (32.0)

0.001

Coinfection (n, %)

458 (34.9)

53 (43.4)

405 (34.0)

0.037

Clinical treatment and outcomes

    

Early NAI therapy (n,%)

495 (37.7)

55 (45.1)

437 (36.7)

0.068

Systemic corticosteroids use at admission (n,%)

116 (8.8)

32 (26.2)

84 (7.1)

 < 0.001

Noninvasive ventilation (n,%)

365 (27.8)

59 (48.4)

306 (25.7)

 < 0.001

Invasive ventilation (n,%)

248 (18.9)

37 (30.3)

211 (17.7)

0.001

Complications during hospitalization (n,%)

    

Respiratory failure

323 (24.6)

50 (41.0)

273 (22.9)

 < 0.001

Heart failure

327 (24.9)

42 (34.4)

285 (23.9)

0.011

Nosocomial pneumonia

109 (8.3)

21 (17.2)

88 (7.4)

 < 0.001

Septic shock

119 (9.1)

24 (19.7)

95 (8.0)

 < 0.001

Nosocomial BSI

18 (1.4)

9 (7.4)

9 (0.8)

 < 0.001

Acute renal failure

79 (0.6)

8 (6.6)

71 (6.0)

0.592

Admittance to ICU (n,%)

326 (24.8)

59 (48.4)

267 (22.4)

 < 0.001

Days from clinical stability to admission (median, IQR)

3.0 (1.0–9.0)

14.0 (10.0–19.0)

3.0 (1.0–8.0)

 < 0.001

Length of stay in hospital

(days, median, IQR)

10.0 (8.0–17.0)

17.0 (11.0–22.0)

10.0 (8.0–14.0)

 < 0.001

30-day mortality (n,%)

315 (24.0)

46 (37.7)

242 (20.3)

 < 0.001

  1. IC immunocompromised, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, HB hemoglobin, ALB albumin, BUN blood urea nitrogen, PaO2/FiO2 arterial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration oxygen, NAI neuraminidase inhibitor, BSI bloodstream infection, ICU The bolded values are p-values < 0.05, which represented significant differences between IC and non-IC patients with Flu-p. The bolded values are p-values < 0.05, which represented significant differences between IC and non-IC patients