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Table 5 Multidrug resistance profile of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples at the three Referral Hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia; 2017–2018

From: Multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria from three Referral Hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia

Antibiogram pattern

Bacterial isolates

Total, N = 141 (%)

E. coli

Klebsiella spp.

Proteus spp.

Enterobacter spp.

Citrobacter spp.

P. aeruginosa

Providencia spp.

Salmonella spp

Othersa

All drug sensitive

1

        

1

AMP (Not MDR)

1

1

      

2

4

AMP, AUG (Not MDR)

1

      

1

 

2

AMP, SXT (Not MDR)

   

1

     

1

AMP, GEN (Not MDR)

 

1

       

1

AMP, AUG, SXT (Not MDR)

1

 

1

      

2

AMP, FEP, FOX (Not MDR)

1

        

1

AMP, AUG, TET, FOX (Not MDR)

 

1

       

1

AMP, AUG, FEP, FOX (Not MDR)

 

1

       

1

AMP, AUG, CHL, FEP (Not MDR)

    

1

    

1

AMP, TET, CRO, FOX (Not MDR)

    

1

    

1

AMP, AUG, SXT, FOX (Not MDR)

   

1

     

1

AMP, FEP, CFM, FOX (Not MDR)

        

1

1

AMP, AUG, SXT, FOX, CAZ (Not MDR)

1

        

1

AMP, AUG, SXT, CFM, CAZ (Not MDR)

1

        

1

AMP, SXT, TET (MDR)

2

1

       

3

AMP, CHL, GEN (MDR)

1

        

1

SXT, TET, CRO (MDR)

  

1

      

1

Resistant to 4–12 antibiotics (others MDR)

36

33

11

11

10

6

6

2

1

116

Total Non MDR isolates

7 (15.2)

4(10.5)

1(7.7)

2(15.4)

2 (16.7)

–

–

1(33.3)

3(75)

20 (14.2)

Total MDR-isolates

39 (84.8)

34 (89.5)

12(92.3)

11 (84.6)

10 (83.3)

6(100)

6(100)

2 (66.7)

1(25.0)

121 (85.8)

Total (MDR + Non-MDR)

46 (100)

38 (100)

13 (100)

13 (100)

12 (100)

6 (100)

6 (100)

3 (100)

4 (100)

141 (100)

  1. Amp ampicillin, AMC amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, SXT cotrimoxazole, TET tetracycline, CIP ciprofloxacin, CHL chloramphenicol, GEN gentamycin, FEP cefepime, CFM cefixime, FOX cefoxitin, CRO ceftriaxone, CAZ ceftazidime
  2. MDR = isolates resistant to 3 or more antibiotics classes (The antibiotic classes used in this table are Penicillin and Cephalosporins (beta-lactam drugs), Fluoroquinolones, Sulphonamides, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Aminoglycosides)
  3. Others a Morganella sp. (n = 1), Shigella spp. (n = 2), and Moraxella sp. (n = 1)