Pharmacokinetics of plasma lopinavir and ritonavir in tuberculosis–HIV co-infected African adult patients also receiving rifabutin 150 or 300 mg three times per week

Table 2 Lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir pharmacokinetic parameters in HIV-1-infected patients who used combination lopinavir/ritonavir twice daily with rifabutin 150 mg three times per week or rifabutin 300 mg three times per week

Pharmacokinetic parameters	Lopinavir 400 mg pharmacokinetic profile when used with RBT 150 mg or 300 mg			Ritonavir 100 mg pharmacokinetic profile when used with RBT 150 mg or 300 mg
Pharmacokinetic parameters	LPV/RTV (400 mg/100 mg) twice daily with RBT 150 mg TPW (n = 9) (median and IQR)	LPV/RTV (400 mg/100 mg) twice daily with RBT 300 mg TPW (n = 7) (median and IQR)	p value	LPV/RTV (400 mg/100 mg) twice daily with RBT 150 mg TPW (n = 9) (median and IQR)	LPV/RTV (400 mg/100 mg) twice daily with RBT 300 mg TPW (n = 7) (median and IQR)	P value
C₀ (µg/mL)	13 (7.5–18.3)	5.8 (0.01–6.6)	0.044	2.1 (1.8–3.1)	1.6 (0.4–2.3)	0.914
C₁₂ (µg/mL)	10 (8.1–16.1)	4.6 (4.1–7.3)	0.170	1.7 (1.1–2.8)	0.6 (0.6–0.7)	0.265
C_max (µg/mL)	20 (11.5–21.4)	7.7 (5–19.5)	1.000	2.7 (1.9–3.1)	1.5 (0.9–2.4)	0.313
T_max (h)	4 (3–4)	3 (2–6)	1.000	3 (2–4)	2 (2–4)	0.313
CL (L/kg/h)	0.08 (0.05–0.10)	0.14 (0.09–0.18)	0.313	0.16 (0.11–0.18	0.29 (0.15–0.54)	0.313
AUC_0–12h	111.8 (67.4–150.4)	69.9 (38.4–104.8)	0.313	12.7 (10.8–18.5)	6.6 (4.6–12.2)	0.313

Data are presented as the medians with the range in parentheses
RBT rifabutin, TPW three times per week, LPV/RTV lopinavir/ritonavir, C_Tn drug plasma concentration at the specified time, IQR interquartile range, C_max maximum (peak) plasma drug concentration, T_max time to reach maximum (peak) plasma concentration following drug administration, C₀ plasma drug concentration before the morning dose; C₁₂ plasma drug concentration before the evening dose (12 h post-dose), AUC_0–12h area under the plasma concentration–time curve within the time span t₀ to t₁₂

ISSN: 1476-0711