Table 4 Percentage of pooled resistance rates of antimicrobials to Campylobacter isolates from human, animal and food in Ethiopia, from 2004 to 2020

Penicillin

–

100 (− 96, 296)

–

Ampicillin

28.41 (− 0.09, 56.91)

13.14 (− 0.90, 27.18)

10 (− 9.6,, 29.6)

Amoxicillin

80 (− 76.8, 236.8)

–

6 (− 5.76, 17.76)

Erythromycin

15.82 (1.7, 29.93)

4.01 (− 3.86, 11.89)

2 (− 1.92, 5.92)

Streptomycin

25 (− 24, 74)

5.79 (− 0.74, 12.32)

20 (− 19.2, 59.2)

Tetracycline

18.7 (2.37, 35.04)

10.37 (− 7.03, 27.77)

10 (− 9.6, 29.6)

Doxycycline

18.32 (− 7.56, 44.2)

–

–

Nalidixic acid

9.91 (0.86, 18.96)

2.8 (− 0.66, 6.25)

–

Cephalothin

82.52 (− 11.93, 176.97)

60.05 (− 4.71, 124.8)

–

Ceftriaxone

27.7 (− 26.59, 81.99)

–

Gentamicin

16.18 (− 4.53, 36.88)

0.5 (− 0.48, 1.48)

14 (− 13.44, 41.44)

Ciprofloxacin

10.23 (− 0.23, 20.74)

71.2 (− 68.35, 210.75)

–

Chloramphenicol

15.26 (− 5.35, 35.87)

51.4 (− 49.34, 152.14)

4 (− 3.84, 11.84)

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

36.4 (− 34.94, 107.74)

–

–

Norfloxacin

11 (− 4.26, 26.25)

2.29 (− 2.02, 6.59)

–

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

32.26 (− 0.44, 64.96)

38.5 (− 36.96, 113.96)

–

Clindamycin

30.57 (− 12.79, 73.93)

2.19 (− 1.92, 6.30)

–

Kanamycin

–

–

12 (− 11.52, 35.52)