Table 1 Pipeline of novel TB vaccines in clinical trials
From: COVID-19 vaccine development: What lessons can we learn from TB?
Vaccine name | Vaccine type | Clinical phase | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Ad5 Ag85A | Adenovirus-vector | I | BCG booster—Adenovirus vector expressing Ag85A, Ag85B and TB10.4 antigens [41] |
MVA85A | Vaccinia Ankara virus-vector | I | BCG booster—Modified vaccinia Ankara virus vector expressing Ag85A [42] |
GamTBVac | Subunit vaccine | I | BCG booster—Dextran-binding domain modified Ag85a and ESAT6-CFP10 MTB antigens and CpG ODN adjuvant, formulated with dextrans [43] |
AEC/BC02 | Subunit vaccine | I | BCG booster—Ag85b, ESAT6-CFP10 combined with BCG-derived CpG and aluminum salt adjuvant [44] |
ID193/GLA-SE | Subunit vaccine | IIa | BCG booster—Oil in water emulsion/TRL4 agonist [45] |
MTBVAC | Live attenuated | IIa | Live attenuated M. tuberculosis strain SO2with mutation in phoP transcription regulator gene [46] |
TB/Flu-04L | Influenza-vectored | IIa | Influenza virus strain A/Puetro Rico/8/34 H1N1 expressing Ag85A and ESAT6 [47] |
RUTI | Live attenuated | IIa | Therapeutic vaccine-purified and liposomal cellular fragments of M. tuberculosis [48] |
H56:IC31 | Subunit vaccine | IIb | BCG booster—fusion protein of Ag85B, ESAT-6 and Rv2660c formulated in IC31 adjuvant [49] |
M72/ASO1E | Subunit vaccine | IIb | BCG booster—fusion protein of Mtb32A and Mtb39A combined with AS01 adjuvant [50] |
DAR-901 | Inactivated whole-cell | IIb | BCG booster—whole cell or extract of M. obuense [51] |
VPM1002 | Live recombinant | III | Pre and post exposure vaccine—live recombinant M. bovis expressing listeriolysin of Listeria monocytogenes, lacing the urease C gene and containing hygromycin resistance marker [52] |
MIP | Heat killed | III | Therapeutic vaccine—whole cell of extract of M. indicus pranii [53] |
M. vaccae | Heat killed | III | Therapeutic vaccine—whole cell of extract of M. vaccae [54] |