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Table 2 Details of clinical features observed in severe and uncomplicated cases of vivax malaria

From: Severe vivax malaria trends in the last two years: a study from a tertiary care centre, Delhi, India

Clinical features

Severe malaria (n = 58) (%)

Uncomplicated malaria (n = 119) (%)

Total number of patients (n = 177) (%)

Chi-square (df)

P

Hepatosplenomegaly

49 (84.5)

5 (4.2)

54 (30.5)

109.9 (1)

 < 0.0001*

Headache

51 (87.9)

9 (7.6)

30 (17.0)

108.8 (1)

 < 0.0001*

Pallor

36 (62.1)

5 (4.2)

41 (23.2)

70.2 (1)

 < 0.0001*

Seizures (> 2 episodes in 24 h)

8 (13.8)

0 (0.0)

8 (4.5)

14.1 (1)

0.0002*

Altered sensorium

7 (12.1)

0 (0.0)

7 (3.9)

11.7 (1)

0.0006*

Vomiting

12 (20.7)

4 (3.4)

16 (9.03)

12.2 (1)

0.0005*

Jaundice (Bilirubin > 2 mg%)

15 (25.9)

0 (0.0)

15 (8.47)

30.3 (1)

 < 0.0001*

Epistaxis

8 (13.8)

0 (0.0)

8 (4.60)

14.1 (1)

0.0002*

Haematuria

3 (5.2)

0 (0.0)

3 (1.70)

3.5 (1)

0.0599

Hematemesis

2 (3.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.10)

1.64 (1)

0.2003

Melena

2 (3.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.10)

1.64 (1)

0.2003

Hypovolemic shock (SBP < 80 mmHg)

4 (6.8)

0 (0.0)

4 (2.3)

5.5 (1)

0.0184*

Breathlessness

14 (24.1)

1 (0.8)

15 (8.47)

24.3 (1)

 < 0.0001*

Pulmonary oedema

8 (13.8)

0 (0.0)

8 (4.60)

14.1 (1)

0.0002*

Rash

4 (6.8)

0 (0.0)

4 (2.26)

5.5 (1)

0.0184*

Decreased urine output

7 (12.1)

0 (0.0)

7 (3.95)

11.7 (1)

0.0006*

  1. The occurrence of clinical manifestations as listed in the table were found to be statistically significant as values for P were mostly < 0.05 between the two groups
  2. Data are presented as frequency (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation
  3. SBP: Systolic blood pressure, df: Degree of freedom
  4. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare percentages
  5. *: Statistically significant at P < 0.05