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Table 3 Associated factors of Gram’s stain of bacteria in patients with pemphigus by univariate analysis

From: Features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections in hospitalized patients with pemphigus: a single-center retrospective study

Features

Gram-positive (n = 60, %)

Gram-negative (n = 13, %)

Coinfection (n = 14, %)

P-value

Sex

0.03

 Female (n = 39)

28 (46.7)a,b

2 (15.4)b

9 (64.3)a

 Male (n = 48)

35 (54.7)a,b

11 (84.6)b

5 (35.7)a

Age

 < 53.5 years (n = 49)

31 (51.7)

8 (61.5)

10 (71.4)

0.37

 ≥ 53.5 years (n = 38)

29 (48.3)

5 (38.5)

4 (28.6)

Obesity (n = 15) 1

8 (13.3)

5 (41.7)

2 (15.4)

0.10

Smoking (n = 5)

5 (8.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.15

Alcohol intake (n = 3)

2 (3.3)

1 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

0.47

Comorbidities

 CVD (n = 4)

2 (3.3)

1 (7.7)

1 (7.1)

0.72

 CHD (n = 4)

2 (3.3)

1 (7.7)

1 (7.1)

0.72

 Diabetes mellitus (n = 19)

11 (18.3)

3 (23.1)

5 (35.7)

0.39

 Hypertension (n = 23)

16 (26.7)

4 (30.8)

3 (21.4)

0.86

 Osteoporosis (n = 11)

7 (11.7)

2 (15.4)

2 (14.3)

0.92

 Bedridden (n = 2)

0 (0.0)

1 (7.7)

1 (7.1)

0.09

 Previous hospitalization (n = 8)

2 (3.3)a

3 (23.1)b

3 (21.4)b

0.03

The severity of skin lesions

0.40

 Mild (n = 3)

1 (1.7)

1 (7.7)

1 (7.1)

 

 Moderate (n = 11)

7 (11.7)

3 (23.1)

1 (7.1)

 

 Severe (n = 28)

17 (28.3)

4 (30.8)

7 (50.0)

 

 Extensive (n = 45)

35 (58.3)

5 (38.5)

5 (35.7)

 

Subtype of pemphigus

0.92

 PV and PVeg (n = 72)

49 (81.7)

11 (84.6)

12 (85.7)

 

 PE and PF (n = 15)

11 (18.3)

2 (15.4)

2 (14.3)

 

Therapy

 Topical antibiotics (n = 10)

5 (8.3)

3 (23.1)

2 (14.3)

0.35

 Systemic antibiotics (n = 11)

4 (6.7)a

4 (30.8)b

3 (21.4)a,b

0.05

 Topical glucocorticoids (n = 7)

6 (10.0)

1 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

0.27

 Systemic glucocorticoids (n = 62)

40 (66.7)

10 (76.9)

12 (85.7)

0.29

 Immunosuppressive agents (n = 17)

13 (21.7)

2 (15.4)

2 (14.3)

0.75

 Hypoalbuminemia (n = 14)

8 (13.6)

3 (23.1)

3 (21.4)

0.61

Anti-Dsg1autoantibodies2

0.29

 ≤ 124.2 IU/mL (n = 17)

9 (16.1)

3 (23.1)

5 (35.7)

 

 > 124.2 IU/mL (n = 66)

47 (83.9)

10 (76.9)

9 (64.3)

 

Anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies3

0.77

 ≤ 169.5 IU/mL (n = 37)

26 (46.4)

6 (46.2)

5 (35.7)

 

 > 169.5 IU/mL (n = 46)

30 (53.6)

7 (53.8)

9 (64.3)

 
  1. 1 Two patients (Gram-positive = 0, Gram-negative = 1, Coinfection = 1) had no records of body mass index so that these patients could not be assessed for obesity
  2. 2 Four patients had no records of levels of anti-dsg1 autoantibodies (Gram-positive = 4, Gram-negative = 0, Coinfection = 0)
  3. 3 Four patients had no records of levels of anti-dsg3 autoantibodies (Gram-positive = 4, Gram-negative = 0, Coinfection = 0)
  4. CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; PV, Pemphigus vulgaris; PVeg, pemphigus vegetans; PE, pemphigus erythematosus; PF, pemphigus foliaceus; Dsg, desmoglein
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Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

ISSN: 1476-0711

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