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Table 1 Maternal GBS colonization by demography and obstetric characteristics including multivariable analysis, Northwest Ethiopia (n = 385)

From: Streptococcus agalactiae from Ethiopian pregnant women; prevalence, associated factors and antimicrobial resistance: alarming for prophylaxis

Socio-demography

Classification

GBS+, n′ = 98, n (%)

GBS−, n = 287, n (%)

CORa; 95% CI

AORb, 95% CIc

p-value

Age (years) median = 25 years

< 25

74 (24.9)

223 (75.1)

1

–

–

 

≥ 25

24 (27.3)

64 (72.7)

1.130 (0.660, 1.935)

–

–

Residence

Urban

77 (24.1)

242 (75.9)

1

–

–

Rural

21 (31.8)

45 (68.2)

0.626 (0.353, 1.109)

–

–

Education

Illiterate

30 (34.5)

57 (65.5)

0.550 (0.212, 1.426)

–

–

Primary

21 (16.0)

110 (84.0)

1.689 (0.640, 4.459)

–

–

Secondary

40 (29.2)

97 (70.8)

0.738 (0.293, 1.857)

–

–

Tertiary

7 (23.3)

23 (76.7)

1

–

–

Occupation

House wife

72 (25.2)

214 (74.8)

1

–

–

Employed

21 (28.4)

53 (71.6)

0.849 (0.479, 1.504)

–

–

Othersd

5 (20.0)

20 (80.0)

1.346 (0.487, 3.716)

–

–

Gestational age (week)

< 37

1 (33.3)

2 (66.7)

0.681 (0.061, 7.590)

–

–

≥ 37

97 (25.4)

285 (74.6)

1

–

–

Parity

Multipara

54 (27.6)

142 (72.4)

0.798 (0.504, 1.265)

–

–

Nullipara

44 (23.3)

145 (76.7)

1

–

–

History of still birth

No

94 (25.6)

273 (74.4)

1

–

–

Yes

4 (22.2)

14 (77.8)

1.205 (0.387, 3.752)

–

–

History of abortion

No

92 (26.1)

260 (73.9)

1

–

–

Yes

6 (18.2)

27 (81.8)

1.592 (0.637, 3.980)

–

–

History of neonatal death

No

93 (24.7)

283 (75.3)

1

–

–

Yes

5 (55.6)

4 (44.4)

0.263 (0.063, 1.000)

–

–

Gravidity

Primigravida

42 (22.8)

142 (77.2)

1

–

–

Multigravida

56 (27.9)

145 (72.1)

0.766 (0.482, 1.216)

–

–

Antenatal care (ANC) visit

0–3

31 (25.0)

93 (75.0)

0.973 (0.596, 1.588)

–

–

4–5

67 (25.7)

194 (74.3)

1

–

–

Contraceptive use

No

12 (17.6)

56 (82.4)

1

–

–

Yes

86 (27.1)

231 (72.9)

0.576 (0.294, 1.126)

–

–

Meconium stained amniotic fluid

No

92 (27.4)

244 (72.6)

1

1

 

Yes

6 (12.2)

43 (87.8)

2.229 (0.966, 5.139)

3.018 (1.225, 7.437)

0.016

History of preterm delivery

No

95 (25.1)

284 (74.9)

1

–

–

Yes

3 (50.0)

3 (50.0)

0.337 (0.067, 1.697)

–

–

Chronic illness at current pregnancy

No

90 (24.8)

273 (75.2)

1

–

–

Yes

8 (36.4)

14 (63.6)

0.905 (0.344, 2.382)

–

–

ROMe

≤ 1 h

74 (27.6)

194 (72.4)

1

1

 

> 1 h

24 (21.1)

90 (78.9)

1.313 (0.781, 2.378)

1.897 (1.014, 3.417)

0.033

Duration of labor (hour)

4–12

81 (25.6)

235 (74.4)

1

–

–

13–24

17 (24.6)

52 (75.4)

1.054 (0.577, 1.927)

–

–

HIV status

Negative

94 (25.3)

278 (74.7)

1

–

–

Positive

4 (30.8)

9 (69.2)

0.761 (0.229, 2.528)

–

–

  1. Italic values indicate significance of p-value (p < 0.05)
  2. aCrude odds ratio
  3. bAdjusted odds ratio
  4. cConfidence interval
  5. dStudent, daily laborer
  6. eRupture of membrane
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Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

ISSN: 1476-0711

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