From: Application of antimicrobial drugs in perioperative surgical incision
Operation name | Incision type | Potential pathogens | Antimicrobial agents |
---|---|---|---|
Ophthalmic surgery | I, II | Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) | Tobramycin or levofloxacin in topical application |
Amputation | I, II | S. aureus, CNS, Streptococcus (Strep), Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), Anaerobic bacteria (AB) | (First or second generation) cephalosporin (Cepha) ± metronidazole (MNZ) |
Cerebral surgery (through the nasal sinuses, nasal cavities and oropharynx) | II | S. aureus, Strep, oropharyngeal AB (e.g., Peptostreptococcus) | Cepha ± MNZ, or clindamycin + gentamicin (C + G) |
Head and neck surgery (through the oropharynx mucosa) | II | S. aureus, Strep, oropharyngeal AB (e.g., peptostreptococcus) | Cepha ± MNZ, or C + G |
Otorhinolaryngologic surgery | II | S. aureus, CNS | Cepha ± MNZ |
Thoracic surgery | II | S. aureus, CNS, Strep pneumoniae, GNB | Cepha ± MNZ |
Urology surgery (entering the urinary tract vaginal) | II | GNB | Cepha or fluoroquinolones |
Urology surgery (involving intestinal tract) | II | GNB, AB | Cepha or aminoglycosides (AG) + MNZ |
Urology surgery (with prosthesis implantation) | II | Staphylococcus, GNB | Cepha + AG, or vancomycin |
Hysterectomy | II | GNB, Enterococcus, Group B Streptococci (GBS), AB | Cepha (plus MNZ in vaginal surgery), or cephamycin |
Laparoscopic myomectomy (using uterine manipulator) | II | GNB, Enterococcus, GBS, AB | Cepha ± MNZ, or cephamycin |
Premature rupture of amniotic membrane or cesarean section | II | GNB, Enterococcus spp., GBS, AB | Cepha ± MNZ |
Artificial abortion—curettage odinopoeia | II | GNB, Enterococcus spp., GBS, AB | Cepha ± MNZ, or doxycycline |
Flap transfer or skin grafting | II | S. aureus, CNS, Strep, GNB | Cepha |
Implantation of external fixator | II | Staphylococcus aureus, CNS, Strep | Cepha |
Open fracture internal fixation | II | Staphylococcus aureus, CNS, Strep, GNB, anaerobic bacteria | Cepha ± MNZ |
Hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic surgery | II, III | CNS, AB | Cepha or ceftriaxone ± MNZ, or cephamycin |
Stomach, duodenum, small intestine surgery | II, III | CNS, Strep, oropharyngeal AB | Cepha or cephamycin |
Colon, rectum, appendectomy | II, III | CNS, AB | Cepha or ceftriaxone ± MNZ, or cephamycin |
Repair of perineal laceration | II, III | GNB, Enterococcus, GBS, AB | Cepha or ceftriaxone ± MNZ |