Table 1 Primers used for detection of antimicrobial resistant genes in Escherichia coli isolates
Drug type | Antimicrobial resistance genes | Primers | Sequence 5′–3′ | Amplicon size (Bp) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Streptomycin | Adenylyl transferases (aadA1) | aadA1F | TATCCAGCTAAGCGCGAACT | 447 | [18] |
aadA1R | ATTTGCCGACTACCTTGGTC | ||||
Gentamicin | Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases (aac(3)-IV) | aac(3)-IVF | CTTCAGGATGGCAAGTTGGT | 286 | |
aac(3)-IVR | TCATCTCGTTCTCCGCTCAT | ||||
Sulfonamide | Dihydropteroate synthase (sul1) | sul1F | TTCGGCATTCTGAATCTCAC | 822 | |
sul1R | ATGATCTAACCCTCGGTCTC | ||||
Beta-lactams | β-lactamase encoding penicillin resistance (bla SHV) | bla SHVF | TCGCCTGTGTATTATCTCCC | 768 | |
bla SHVR | CGCAGATAAATCACCACAATG | ||||
β-lactamase encoding cephalosporin resistance (bla CMY) | bla CMYF | TGGCCAGAACTGACAGGCAAA | 462 | ||
bla CMYR | TTTCTCCTGAACGTGGCTGGC | ||||
Erythromycin | Erythromycin esterase (ere(A)) | ere(A)F | GCCGGTGCTCATGAACTTGAG | 419 | |
ere(A)R | CGACTCTATTCGATCAGAGGC | ||||
Chloramphenicol | Acetyltransferases (catA1) | catA1F | AGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACC | 547 | |
catA1R | TTGTAATTCATTAAGCATTCTGCC | ||||
Transporter resistance (cmlA) | cmlAF | CCGCCACGGTGTTGTTGTTATC | 698 | ||
cmlAR | CACCTTGCCTGCCCATCATTAG | ||||
Tetracycline | Efflux pump resistance (tet(A)) | tet(A)F | GGTTCACTCGAACGACGTCA | 577 | [19] |
tet(A)R | CTGTCCGACAAGTTGCATGA | Â |