Table 3 Antimicrobial activity among Gram-positive organisms collected in Latin America, 2004–2015
Species (no. isolates) and antimicrobial agent | MIC (mg/L) | Susceptibility | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC50 | MIC90 | MIC range | % S | % R | |
Staphylococcus aureus (4563) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | 2 | ≥16 | ≤0.03 to ≥16 | – | – |
 Ampicillin | 16 | ≥32 | ≤0.06 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Ceftriaxone | 8 | ≥128 | ≤0.03 to ≥128 | – | – |
 Levofloxacin | 0.25 | 32 | ≤0.06 to ≥64 | 58.2 | 39.8 |
 Linezolid | 2 | 4 | ≤0.5 to 4 | 100 | 0.0 |
 Meropenem (N = 3998)a | 0.5 | ≥32 | ≤0.12 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Minocycline | ≤0.25 | 1 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 97.6 | 0.8 |
 Penicillin | ≥16 | ≥16 | ≤0.06 to ≥16 | 5.5 | 94.5 |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | 2 | ≥32 | ≤0.25 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.008 to 2 | 99.9 | – |
 Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | ≤0.12 to 2 | 100 | 0.0 |
Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant (2202/4563) | |||||
 Levofloxacin | 8 | 32 | ≤0.06 to ≥64 | 20.3 | 77.4 |
 Linezolid | 2 | 2 | ≤0.5 to 4 | 100 | 0.0 |
 Minocycline | ≤0.25 | 1 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 96.2 | 1.3 |
 Tigecycline | 0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.008 to 2 | 99.9 | – |
 Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | ≤0.12 to 2 | 100 | 0.0 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (1436) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | ≤0.03 | 2 | ≤0.03 to ≥16 | 94.6 | 2.0 |
 Ampicillin (N = 1434) | ≤0.06 | 2 | ≤0.06 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Azithromycin (N = 1247) | 0.12 | 64 | ≤0.03 to ≥128 | 72.6 | 26.9 |
 Ceftriaxone | 0.06 | 1 | ≤0.03 to ≥128 | 94.9 | 1.0 |
 Clarithromycin (N = 1247) | 0.03 | 64 | ≤0.015 to ≥128 | 72.7 | 26.8 |
 Clindamycin (N = 1247) | 0.06 | 64 | ≤0.015 to ≥128 | 88.0 | 11.9 |
 Erythromycin (N = 1247) | 0.06 | 64 | ≤0.015 to ≥128 | 71.7 | 27.3 |
 Levofloxacin | 1 | 1 | ≤0.06 to 32 | 98.9 | 0.3 |
 Linezolid | 1 | 1 | ≤0.5 to 2 | 100 | – |
 Meropenem (N = 1256)a | ≤0.12 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 to 16 | 79.6 | 7.7 |
 Minocycline | 1 | 8 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 59.8 | 28.8 |
 Penicillin | ≤0.06 | 2 | ≤0.06 to ≥16 | 54.7 | 13.8 |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | ≤0.25 | 2 | ≤0.25 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.015 | 0.06 | ≤0.008 to 0.5 | 95.5 | – |
 Vancomycin | 0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 to 1 | 100 | – |
Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-resistant (198/1436) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | 2 | 8 | ≤0.03 to ≥16 | 63.6 | 13.1 |
 Ampicillin (N = 197) | 4 | 8 | 0.12 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Azithromycin (N = 179) | 16 | ≥128 | ≤0.03 to ≥128 | 41.3 | 58.1 |
 Ceftriaxone | 1 | 2 | ≤0.03 to ≥128 | 69.2 | 6.1 |
 Clarithromycin (N = 179) | 4 | ≥128 | ≤0.015 to ≥128 | 41.3 | 58.7 |
 Clindamycin (N = 179) | 0.12 | ≥128 | ≤0.015 to ≥128 | 62.0 | 38.0 |
 Erythromycin (N = 179) | 8 | ≥128 | ≤0.015 to ≥128 | 41.3 | 58.7 |
 Levofloxacin | 1 | 1 | 0.25 to 4 | 98.0 | 0.0 |
 Linezolid | 1 | 1 | ≤0.5 to 2 | 100 | – |
 Meropenem (N = 184)a | 0.5 | 1 | ≤0.12 to 16 | 7.6 | 43.5 |
 Minocycline | 4 | ≥16 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 32.8 | 55.6 |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | 4 | 8 | 0.5 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.015 | 0.03 | ≤0.008 to 0.5 | 98.0 | – |
 Vancomycin | 0.5 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 to 1 | 100 | – |
Streptococcus agalactiae (1339) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | 0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.03 to ≥16 | – | – |
 Ampicillin | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06 to 0.25 | 100 | – |
 Ceftriaxone | 0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.03 to 2 | 99.8 | – |
 Levofloxacin | 0.5 | 1 | ≤0.06 to ≥64 | 97.7 | 1.7 |
 Linezolid | 1 | 1 | ≤0.5 to 2 | 100 | – |
 Meropenem (N = 1198)a | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 to 0.5 | 100 | – |
 Minocycline | 8 | ≥16 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 27.6 | 61.8 |
 Penicillin | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | ≤0.06 to 0.12 | 100 | – |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.03 | 0.06 | ≤0.008 to 0.5 | 99.9 | – |
 Vancomycin | 0.5 | 0.5 | ≤0.12 to 1 | 100 | – |
Enterococcus faecium (576) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | ≥16 | ≥16 | ≤0.03 to ≥16 | – | – |
 Ampicillin | ≥32 | ≥32 | ≤0.06 to ≥32 | 26.0 | 74.0 |
 Ceftriaxone | ≥128 | ≥128 | ≤0.03 to ≥128 | – | – |
 Levofloxacin | ≥64 | ≥64 | ≤0.06 to ≥64 | 21.7 | 71.0 |
 Linezolid | 2 | 2 | ≤0.5 to 4 | 99.8 | 0.0 |
 Meropenem (N = 524)a | ≥32 | ≥32 | ≤0.12 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Minocycline | 2 | ≥16 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 62.0 | 19.8 |
 Penicillin | ≥16 | ≥16 | ≤0.06 to ≥16 | 22.6 | 77.4 |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | ≥32 | ≥32 | ≤0.25 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.008 to 1 | 99.5 | – |
 Vancomycin | 2 | ≥64 | ≤0.12 to ≥64 | 56.8 | 40.8 |
Enterococcus faecium, vancomycin-resistant (235/576) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | ≥16 | ≥16 | 1 to ≥16 | – | – |
 Ampicillin | ≥32 | ≥32 | 2 to ≥32 | 0.9 | 99.1 |
 Ceftriaxone | ≥128 | ≥128 | 4 to ≥128 | – | – |
 Levofloxacin | ≥64 | ≥64 | 2 to ≥64 | 0.9 | 97.0 |
 Linezolid | 2 | 2 | ≤0.5 to 2 | 100 | 0.0 |
 Meropenem (N = 213)a | ≥32 | ≥32 | ≤0.12 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Minocycline | ≤0.25 | ≥16 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 71.5 | 17.0 |
 Penicillin | ≥16 | ≥16 | 4 to ≥16 | 1.3 | 98.7 |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | ≥32 | ≥32 | 2 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.06 | 0.25 | ≤0.008 to 1 | 98.7 | – |
Enterococcus faecalis (2004) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | 0.5 | 1 | ≤0.03 to ≥16 | – | – |
 Ampicillin | 1 | 2 | ≤0.06 to ≥32 | 99.0 | 1.0 |
 Ceftriaxone | ≥128 | ≥128 | ≤0.03 to ≥128 | – | – |
 Levofloxacin | 1 | ≥64 | ≤0.06 to ≥64 | 69.4 | 29.1 |
 Linezolid | 2 | 2 | ≤0.5 to 4 | 99.8 | 0.0 |
 Meropenem (N = 1771)a | 4 | 8 | ≤0.12 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Minocycline | 8 | ≥16 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 34.9 | 30.4 |
 Penicillin | 2 | 4 | ≤0.06 to ≥16 | 98.4 | 1.6 |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | 4 | 8 | ≤0.25 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.12 | 0.25 | ≤0.008 to 1 | 99.7 | – |
 Vancomycin | 1 | 2 | ≤0.12 to ≥64 | 98.1 | 1.6 |
Enterococcus faecalis, vancomycin-resistant (33/2004) | |||||
 Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | 1 | ≥16 | 0.25 to ≥16 | – | – |
 Ampicillin | 2 | ≥32 | 0.5 to ≥32 | 78.8 | 21.2 |
 Ceftriaxone | ≥128 | ≥128 | 128 to ≥128 | – | – |
 Levofloxacin | 32 | ≥64 | 1 to ≥64 | 6.1 | 93.9 |
 Linezolid | 1 | 2 | 1 to 2 | 100 | 0.0 |
 Meropenem (N = 27)a | 16 | ≥32 | 2 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Minocycline | 4 | ≥16 | ≤0.25 to ≥16 | 51.5 | 18.2 |
 Penicillin | 8 | ≥16 | 2 to ≥16 | 75.8 | 24.2 |
 Piperacillin–tazobactam | 8 | ≥32 | 2 to ≥32 | – | – |
 Tigecycline | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.015 to 0.25 | 100 | – |