Table 1 Phenotypic (antibiotic resistance, haemolytic activity and biofilm formation ability) and genotypic (antibiotic resistance genes) profile of all Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from imported meat
Isolate | Species | Antibiotic resistance genes | Antibiotic resistance profile | Biofilm formation | Haemolysis | Virulence | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mecA | gyrA | grlA | gyrB | Cfr | Ampicillin-sulbactam | Chloramphenicol | Ciprofloxacin | Clindamycin | Erythromycin | Gentamycin | Methicillin | Oxacillin | Penicillin | Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim | Tetracycline | Vancomycin | Congo Red Agar | Tube method | α | β | δ | Vero cell | ||
1 | S. aureus | − | + | − | − | − | R | S | R | R | R | S | S | R | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | + | − | + |
2 | S. aureus | − | + | − | − | − | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | − | + | + |
3 | S. aureus | − | − | − | + | − | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | − | + | + |
4 | S. hyicus | + | − | + | − | − | S | S | S | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | + | + | − | + | − | + |
5 | S. hyicus | − | + | − | − | − | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | + | − | + |
6 | S. hyicus | − | − | + | − | − | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | + | − | + |
7 | S. hyicus | + | + | + | + | − | S | S | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | + | + | + | − | − | + |
8 | S. hyicus | + | − | − | − | − | S | S | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | + | + | − | − | + | + |
9 | S. hyicus | − | + | + | − | − | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | − | − | − | − | + | + |
10 | S. intermedius | − | + | − | − | − | S | S | S | R | R | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | − | − | − | + | − | + |
11 | S. intermedius | − | + | + | + | − | S | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | + | + | − | − | + | + |
12 | S. intermedius | + | − | + | + | − | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | + | + | − | − | + | + |
13 | S. epidermidis | − | + | + | − | − | S | R | R | R | R | R | S | R | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | + | − | + |
14 | S. hemolyticus | − | − | − | − | − | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | + | + | − | + | − | + |
15 | S. hominus | − | − | − | − | − | R | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | − | − | − | + | − | + |
16 | S. lugdunensis | + | − | − | − | − | S | S | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | + | − | − | + | − | + |
17 | S. lugdunensis | − | − | − | − | − | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | S | + | + | − | + | − | + |
18 | S. lugdunensis | − | + | + | + | − | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | S | R | − | + | − | + | − | + |
19 | S. simulans | − | + | + | − | − | S | S | R | R | S | R | S | R | R | R | R | S | − | + | − | + | − | + |
20 | S. scuri | − | + | + | + | − | R | S | R | R | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | S | + | + | − | + | − | + |
21 | S. scuri | − | + | − | − | − | R | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | − | − | + |
22 | S. scuri | − | − | − | − | − | R | S | S | R | S | R | S | R | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | − | − | + |
23 | S. scuri | − | − | − | − | − | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | R | R | S | S | − | + | − | − | − | + |