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Table 1 Characteristics of the eligible studies

From: Systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Author, year

Study type

Region/study year

Resistance

CRKP mortality (%)

CSKP mortality (%)

P value

Carbapenemases

Infection type

ICU

SOT

Vardakas (2015) [11]

Retrospective cohort study

Greece 2006.1–2009.10

CLSI 2010

58/80 (72.5)

14/24 (58.3)

0.19

NA

BSI:44/65

80

0

Brizendine (2015) [16]

Retrospective cohort study

USA 2011.12–2013.10

CLSI 2012

16/157 (10.2)

NA

NA

NA

UTI:16/157

0

0

Pouch (2015) [12]

Nested case–control study

USA  2007.1–2010.12

CLSI 2009

6/20 (30)

8/80 (10)

0.03

NA

UTI:6/20

0

20

Ny (2015) [13]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2011.1–2013.12

NA

7/48 (14.6)

5/48 (10.4)

0.76

NA

UTI:2/27

0

0

Girmenia (2015) [39]

Retrospective cohort study

Italy  2010.1–2013.7

NA

65/112 (58.1)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:65/112

0

112

Hoxha (2015) [14]

Prospective matched cohort study

Italy  2012.11–2013.7

Eucast Guideline

30/49 (61)

10/49 (20)

NA

NA

Any infection:30/49

0

0

Cubero (2015) [15]

Retrospective cohort study

Spain  2010.10–2012.12

EUCAST 2015

8/20 (40)

1/9 (11.1)

NA

NA

Any infection:8/20

0

0

Chang (2015) [40]

Retrospective study

Taiwan  2012.1–2012.12

CLSI 2012

21/41 (51.2)

NA

NA

KPC:6/8

Any infection:21/41

41

0

Chen (2015) [68]

Retrospective study

Taiwan  2014.4–10

NA

12/41 (29.3)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:12/41

0

0

Madrigal (2015) [66]

Retrospective study

Spain  2014.5–9

NA

2/5 (40)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:2/5

0

0

Bias (2015) [70]

Retrospective, observational cohort study

USA  –2014.8

NA

5/30 (16.7)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:5/30

0

30

Katsiari (2015) [67]

Prospective, observational study

Greece  2010.4–2012.3

CLSI 2012

14/32 (43.8)

NA

NA

KPC:11/28VIM:3/5

BSI:9/16

32

0

Maristela Freire (2015) [69]

Retrospective cohort study

Brazil  2009.1–2013.12

CLSI 2012

13/31 (41.9)

NA

NA

KPC:13/31

BSI:7/11

UTI:1/10

0

31

Brizendine (2015) [16]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2006–2012

NA

4/22 (18)

1/64 (1.5)

NA

NA

UTI:4/22

0

22

Sarah Welch (2015) [65]

Retrospective cohort study

USA

NA

19/51 (37.3)

NA

NA

NA

Pneumonia:19/51

0

0

van Duin (2014) [16]

Prospective, multi-center, observational study

USA  2011.12–2013.3

CLSI

26/114 (22.8)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:5/26

0

0

Simkins (2014) [17]

Retrospective case–control study

USA  2006.1–2010.12

NA

6/13 (46.2)

3/39 (7.7)

0.005

NA

Any infection:6/13

0

13

Viviana Gómez Rueda (2014) [18]

Case–case–control study

Colombia  2008.1–2011.1

CLSI

31/61 (50.8)

20/61 (32.8)

NA

NA

Any infection:31/61

0

0

Christoph Lübbert (2014) [71]

Retrospective study

Germany  2010.9–2011.9

NA

7/8 (87.5)

NA

NA

KPC:7/8

Any infection:7/8

0

8

Qureshi (2014) [42]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2009.1–2012.10

NA

0/21 (0.00)

NA

NA

NA

UTI:0/21

0

0

Mouloudi (2014) [43]

Retrospective cohort study

Greece  2008.1–2011.12

EUCAST 2012

14/17 (82.4)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:14/17

17

17

Bulent Aydinl (2014) [72]

Retrospective analysis

Turkey  2012.1–2013.11

NA

2/5 (40)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:2/5

0

5

Gallagher (2014) [44]

Retrospective case–case–control study

USA  2005.6–2010.10

CLSI 2009

19/43 (44.2)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:19/43

0

0

Graziella Hanna Pereira (2013) [47]

Retrospective cohort study

Brazil  2008.10–2010.10

CLSI 2010

16/33 (48)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:9/11

UTI:3/21

Pneumonia:3/7

0

0

Orsi (2013) [19]

Case–case–control study

Italy  2008.7–2011.6

EUCAST

25/65 (38.5)

12/43 (27.9)

NA

KPC:14/36

Any infection:25/65

0

0

Kontopidou (2013) [48]

Retrospective cohort study

Greece  2009.9–2010.6

CLSI 2010

29/127 (22.8)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:29/127

127

0

Hussein (2013) [20]

Retrospective case control study

Israel  2006.1–2008.12

CLSI 2006

45/103 (43.7)

62/214 (29)

NA

NA

BSI:45/103

0

0

Luci Correa (2013) [22]

Matched case–control study

Brazil  2006.1–2008.8

CLSI 2009

10/20 (50)

11/40 (27.5)

0.085

NA

Any infection:10/20

0

0

Clancy (2013) [49]

Single-center, retrospective study

USA  2008.8–2011.7

CLSI 2012

3/17 (17.6)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:3/17

0

17

Cober (2013) [21]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2006–2009

NA

8/19 (42.1)

7/46

0.005

NA

BSI:8/19

0

19

Grossi (2013) [73]

Retrospective cohort study

Italy  2009.1–2012.10

NA

11/36 (30.6)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:11/36

0

36

Cicora (2013) [50]

Observational, retrospective study

Argentina  2011.4–2012.6

CLSI 2010

2/6 (33.3)

NA

NA

KPC:2/6

UTI:2/6

0

6

Paola Di Carlo (2013) [46]

Prospective case series study

Italy  2011,8–2012.8

EUCAST

12/30 (40)

NA

NA

KPC:12/30

Any infection:12/30

30

0

Fligou (2013) [88]

Retrospective cohort study

Greece

CLSI

21/48 (43.8)

NA

NA

KPC:21/48

BSI:21/48

48

0

Rose (2012) [74]

Retrospective, cohort study

USA  2006–2011

NA

20/44 (45.5)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:20/44

0

0

Sanchez-Romero (2012) [51]

Retrospective cohort study

Spain  2009.1–2009.12

CLSI 2011

13/28 (46.4)

NA

NA

VIM:13/28

Any infection:13/28

28

0

Liu (2012) [23]

Matched case–control study

Taiwan  2007.1–2009.12

CLSI 2009

15/25 (60)

20/50

0.102

NA

BSI:15/25

0

0

Kalpoe (2012) [52]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2005.1–2006.10

NA

10/14 (71.4)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:10/14

0

14

Borer (2012) [53]

Retrospective case control study

Israel  2007.5–2010.1

CLSI 2006

13/42 (31)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:13/42

0

0

Bergamasco (2012) [54]

Retrospective cohort study

Brazil  2009.7–2010.2

CLSI 2009

5/12 (41.7)

NA

NA

KPC:2/12

Any infection:5/12

0

12

Ben-David (2012) [24]

Retrospective cohort study

Israel  2006.1–2006.12

CLSI 2006

29/42 (69.1)

45/150 (30)

<0.001

NA

BSI:29/42

0

0

Balkhy (2012) [55]

Retrospective/prospective surveillance study

Saudi Arabia  2009.9–2010.8

CLSI 2009

8/20 (40)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:8/20

0

0

Jason Gallagher (2011) [75]

A retrospective, cohort study

USA  2006–2011

NA

24/44 (54.5)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:24/44

0

0

Pereira (2011) [56]

Retrospective cohort study

Brazil  2008.10–2010.8

CLSI 2010

9/22 (40.9)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:9/22

0

0

Orsi (2011) [25]

Retrospective case control study

Italy  2008.7–2009.12

EUCAST

11/28 (39.3)

12/43

NA

NA

Any infection:11/28

0

0

Neuner (2011) [57]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2007.1–2009.5

CLSI 2009

35/60 (58.3)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:35/60

0

0

Diana Gaviria (2011) [31]

Retrospective matched case–control study

USA  2009.4–2011.12

CLSI

1/19 (5.3)

3/38 (7.9)

NA

NA

Any infection:1/19

0

0

Cuzon (2011) [59]

Retrospective cohort study

France  2010.4–2010.6

CLSI 2010

5/7 (71.4)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:5/7

0

0

Elisa Maria Beirão (2011) [58]

Retrospective cohort study

Brazil  2008.1–2008.12

CLSI 2009

3/6 (50)

NA

NA

KPC:3/6

Any infection:3/6

0

0

Nguyen (2010) [60]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2004.1–2008.9

CLSI

29/48 (60.4)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:29/48

0

0

Vardakas (2010) [76]

Retrospective cohort study

Greece  2006.1–2009.9

NA

42/56 (75)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:42/56

56

0

Mouloudi (2010) [26]

Retrospective nested case–control study

Greece  2007.1–2008.12

CLSI 2007

25/37 (67.6)

9/22 (40.9)

0.03

KPC: 15/19

VIM:10/18

BSI:25/37

0

0

Gregory (2010) [61]

Retrospective case–control study

Puerto Rico  2008.2–2008.9

CLSI 2009

7/19 (36.8)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:7/19

0

0

Balandin Moreno (2010) [77]

Retrospective cohort study

Spain  2009.7–2010.4

NA

2/8 (25)

NA

NA

VIM:2/8

Any infection:2/8

8

0

Gasink (2009) [27]

Case–control study

USA  2006.10–2008.4

NA

18/56 (32.1)

85/863 (9.8)

NA

KPC:18/56

Any infection:18/56

0

0

Daikos (2009) [28]

Prospective observational study

Greece  2005.2–2006.3

CLSI 2004

6/14 (42.9)

25/148 (16.9)

NA

VIM:6/14

BSI:6/14

0

0

Borer (2009) [62]

Matched retrospective, historical cohort study

Israel  2005.10–2008.10

CLSI 2006

30/64 (46.9)

NA

NA

NA

BSI:23/32

0

0

Schwaber (2008) [29]

Retrospective cohort study

Israel  2003–2006

CLSI 2005

21/48 (43.8)

7/56 (12.5)

NA

NA

Any infection:21/48

0

0

Patel (2008) [30]

Retrospective matched case–control

USA  2004.7–2006.6

CLSI 2006

48/99 (48.5)

20/99 (20.2)

<0.001

NA

Any infection:48/99

0

0

Falagas (2007) [32]

Retrospective matched case–control study

Greece  2000.10–2006.5

NA

16/53 (30.2)

18/53 (34)

0.83

NA

Any infection:16/53

0

0

Woodford (2004) [63]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  2000.4–2001.4

CLSI

8/14 (57.1)

NA

NA

KPC:8/14

Any infection:8/14

14

0

Muhammad Ahmad. (1999) [64]

Retrospective cohort study

USA  1994.12–1995.11

CLSI 1994

6/8 (75)

NA

NA

NA

Any infection:6/8

8

0

  1. CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CRKP carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, CSKP carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumonia, BSI bloodstream infection, UTI urinary tract infection