What proportion of Salmonella Typhi cases are detected by blood culture? A systematic literature review

Table 3 S. Typhi isolation using blood and bone marrow cultures as sensitivity standard from 10 locations

Location	Study period	No. of subjects included	No. of subjects tested by both BC and BMC	S. Typhi detected by BC or BMC	TP_BC (a)	FP_BC (b)	FN_BC (c)	TN_BC (d)	TP_BMC (e)	FP_BMC (f)	FN_BMC (g)	TN_BMC (h)	Total S. Typhi recovery from BC [x] (a + b)	Total S. Typhi recovery from BMC [y] (e + f)	Culture media used	Specimen volume
Zaria, Nigeria [13]	1986–1987	64	31	22	8	3	11	9	8	11	3	9	11	19	B and BM: thioglycolate broth	B: 2 ml; BM: 1–2 ml
Transvaal, S. Africa [18]	<1951	40	28	18	13	0	5	10	13	5	0	10	13	18	Oxbile and nutrient broths	NP
Karachi, Pakistan [19]	<1990	100	100	88	58	0	30	12	58	30	0	12	58	88	B and BM: thioglycolate/BHIB	B: 5 ml; BM: 0.5–1 ml
Semarang, Indonesia [14]	1989–1990	145	80	80	39	13	28	0	39	28	13	0	52	67	B and BM: oxgall broth	B: 3 and 10 ml; BM:1 ml
Semarang, Indonesia [20]	<2001	61	61	54	43	1	10	7	43	10	1	7	44	53	Luria-Betani (LB) broth	B: 8–10 ml; BM: 1–2 ml
Jakarta, Indonesia [21]	<1992	52	52	37	17	5	15	15	17	15	5	15	22	32	B: oxgall	B: 3 ml; BM; 0.5–0.8 ml
Dong Thap, Vietnam [22]	1993–1999	110	103	73	53	4	16	30	53	16	4	30	57	69	B: oxgall, oxbile, BHIB	B: 5 and 15 ml; BM: 1 ml
Mexico City, Mexico [23]	<1975	68	62	57	24	1	32	5	24	32	1	5	25	56	B: peptone broth; BM: Peptone/Ruiz-castenada	B: 2 ml; BM: NP
Lima, Peru [24]	<1979	66	60	57	26	0	31	3	26	31	0	3	26	57	B&BM: Trypticase-soy broth/Ruiz-Castaneda	B: 5 ml; BM: 1 ml
Lima, Peru [15]	1984	118	58	43	9	10	24	0	9	24	10	0	19	36	B&BM: oxgall	B: 3 ml; BM: 0.5 ml
Total	–	824	635	529	290	37	202	91	290	202	37	91	327	495	–	–

BC blood culture, BMC bone marrow culture; TPBC True positive blood culture cases; FPBC False positive blood culture cases, FNBC False negative blood culture, TPBMC True positive bone marrow culture, FNBMC False negative bone marrow cultures, NP Not presented, B blood, BM bone marrow, BHIB brain–heart-infusion broth

ISSN: 1476-0711