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Table 3 Summary of main studies in which rates and independent risk factors for colistin methanesulfonate sodium-associated nephrotoxicity were reported

From: High dose intravenous colistin methanesulfonate therapy is associated with high rates of nephrotoxicity; a prospective cohort study from Saudi Arabia

Study and year published

Study design and population

Location

Was nephrotoxicity defined as per RIFLE criteria?

Rate of nephrotoxicity

Independent risk factors for CMS-associated nephrotoxicity

Balkan et al., 2014 [10]

Retrospective cohort, 198 patients

Turkey

Yes

46.1%

Age > 60 years

Sorli et al., 2013 [11]

Prospective cohort; 102 patients

Spain

Yes

49.0%

Trough serum colistin level, Charlson Score and receipt of ≥ 2 concomitant nephrotoxic agents.

Dalfino et al., 2012 [12]

Prospective cohort; 28 ICU patients

Italy

No

17.8%

Receipt of radio-contrast.

Gauthier et al., 2012 [13]

Case–control; 370 patients with BMI > 25 kg/m2

United States

Yes

48%

BMI ≥ 31.5 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, older age and length of hospital stay.

Doshi et al., 2011 [14]

Retrospective cohort; 49 ICU patients

United States

Yes

31%

Pre-existing chronic kidney disease, systemic hypertension, receipt of radio-contrast and receipt of ≥ 2 concomitant nephrotoxic agents.

Pogue et al., 2011 [15]

Retrospective cohort; 126 patients

United States

Yes

43%

Higher CMS dose, concomitant rifampicin therapy and receipt of ≥ 3 concomitant nephrotoxic agents.

Rattanaumpawan et al., 2011 [16]

Retrospective case control; 139 cases

Thailand

No

52.5%

Older age, longer duration of CMS therapy, higher CMS doses and concomitant vancomycin therapy.

Deryke et al., 2010 [17]

Retrospective cohort; 30 patients

United States

Yes

33%

Dosing based on actual body weight.

Kwon et al., 2010 [18]

Retrospective cohort; 71 patients

South Korea

Yes

53.5%

Male gender, concomitant use of a calcineurin inhibitor, hypoalbuminaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia.

Hartzell et al., 2009 [19]

Retrospective cohort; 66 patients

United States

Yes

45%

Cumulative CMS dose and longer duration of therapy.

Kim et al., 2009 [20]

Case–control; 47 cases

South Korea

Yes

31.9%

Hypoalbuminemia and concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

  1. CMS = colistin methanesulfonate; RIFLE = Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage kidney disease; ICU = intensive care unit; BMI = body mass index.