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Table 1 Antibiotic resistant S. pneumoniae isolates.

From: Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial meningitis in Egypt

S. pneumoniae

PEN

OXA

CHL

CRO

TET

SXT

ERY

-Number of isolates tested

-Source

ES 1991-1993

[8]

I = 22.4%

NA

R = 29.7%

NA

NA

I = 25%

I = 0%

-47

 

R = 0%

    

R = 0%

R = 0%

-Blood

ES 1997-2000

[1]

I = 42%

NA

I = 0%

I = 4%

NA

NA

NA

-138

 

R = 0.8%

 

R = 14%

R = 0%

   

-CSF and blood

ES 1998-2000

[4]

I = 52%

I = 0%

I = 0%

I = 0%

I = 21%

I = 14%

NA

-29

 

R = 0%

R = 6%

R = 2%

R = 0%

R = 41%

R = 2%

 

-CSF

ES 1999-2000

[9]

R = 37%

NA

R = 18%

R = 16%

NA

R = 37%

R = 55%

-51

        

-non-blood

ES 1998-2003

[7]

I+R =

NA

I+R =

I+R =

I+R =

I+R =

I+R =

-205

 

50%

 

9%

6%

52%

59%

11%

-CSF

ES 1998-2004

[2]

I+R = 49

NA

I+R =

I+R =

I+R =

I+R =

I+R =

-206

 

%

 

9%

6%

52%

60%

11%

-CSF

ES 2003-2005

[12, 22]

R = 30%

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

R = 25%

---------

  1. The percentages of non-susceptible S. pneumoniae isolates to eight conventional antibiotics to S. pneumoniae isolated from CSF and/or blood in eight studies conducted from 1991-2004 are summarized.
  2. The percentage of penicillin susceptible S. pneumoniae dropped between 1993-2004; from 71% S. pneumoniae penicillin susceptibility in 1993 [8], 63% of isolates were susceptible to penicillin in 2000 [9], to 51% penicillin susceptibility in 2004 (2). The study conducted in 1998-2000 recommended ceftriaxone as the drug of choice for treatment of children with bacterial meningitis [4].
  3. The ES1999-2000study identified resistance to Ceftriaxone (84% susceptible) and Ciprofloxacin (82% susceptible) [9]. ES1998-2004 reported 4% multidrug resistance in S. pneumoniae [2]. Additionally, ES 2003-2005reported that 30% penicillin resistance and 25% erythromycin resistance among the S. pneumoniae Egypt isolates [12, 22].
  4. The antibiotic abbreviations: PEN, penicillin; OXA, oxacillin; CHL, chloramphenicol; CRO, ceftriaxone; TET, tetracycline; SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; ERY, erythromycin and NA refers to data not available.
  5. (Intermediate resistance is abbreviated as I, and Resistance as R)