Antifungal activity of redox-active benzaldehydes that target cellular antioxidation

Kim, Jong H; Chan, Kathleen L; Mahoney, Noreen; Campbell, Bruce C

doi:10.1186/1476-0711-10-23

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

Table 1 Antifungal interactions (FICI) between complex II and III inhibitors tested against filamentous fungi in microtiter plates¹.

From: Antifungal activity of redox-active benzaldehydes that target cellular antioxidation

Combinations A	MIC alone	MIC combined	FICI	MIC alone	MIC combined	FICI	MIC alone	MIC combined	FICI
Strains	*A. terreus* UAB698			*A. terreus* UAB680			*A. terreus* UAB673
Kre-Me Carboxin	> 1.6² > 128³	0.2 - 0.4 8 - 16	0.19 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 4 - 8	0.16 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 8 - 16	0.19 S
Pyraclostrobin Carboxin	> 1.6 > 128	0.0 - 0.05 4 - 8	0.05 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.0 - 0.05 4 - 8	0.05 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.0 - 0.05 4 - 8	0.05 S
AntimycinA Carboxin	> 1.6 > 128	0.4 - 0.8 8 - 16	0.31 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.4 - 0.8 16 - 32	0.38 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.4 - 0.8 16 - 32	0.38 S
Strains	*A. flavus* NRRL3357			*A. fumigatus* AF293			*P. expansum* NRRL974
Kre-Me Carboxin	0.4 - 0.8 > 128	0.0 - 0.05 0.5 - 1	0.07 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.0 - 0.05 2 - 4	0.03 S	0.4 - 0.8 32 - 64	0.0 - 0.05 0.5 - 1	0.08 S
Pyraclostrobin Carboxin	0.4 - 0.8 > 128	0.0 - 0.05 0.125 - 0.25	0.06 S	0.8 - 1.6 32 - 64	0.0 - 0.05 1 - 2	0.06 S	0.4 - 0.8 2 - 4	0.0 - 0.05 0.25 - 0.5	0.19 S
AntimycinA Carboxin	0.4 - 0.8 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 4 - 8	0.53 A	0.8 - 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 4 - 8	0.28 S	0.4 - 0.8 > 128	0.05 - 0.1 2 - 4	0.14 S
Combinations B	MIC alone	MIC Combined	FICI	MIC alone	MIC combined	FICI	MIC alone	MIC combined	FICI
Strains	*A. terreus* UAB698			*A. terreus* UAB680			*A. terreus* UAB673
Kre-Me TTFA	> 1.6² > 128³	0.2 - 0.4 4 - 8	0.16 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 16 - 32	0.25 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 16 - 32	0.25 S
Pyraclostrobin TTFA	> 1.6 > 128	0.1 - 0.2 4 - 8	0.09 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 4 - 8	0.16 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 4 - 8	0.16 S
AntimycinA TTFA	> 1.6 > 128	0.4 - 0.8 32 - 64	0.50 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.4 - 0.8 32 - 64	0.50 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.8 - 1.6 32 - 64	0.75 A
Strains Compounds	*A. flavus* NRRL3357			*A. fumigatus* AF293			*P. expansum* NRRL974
Kre-Me TTFA	> 1.6 > 128	0.4 - 0.8 16 - 32	0.38 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.2 - 0.4 8 - 16	0.19 S	> 1.6 16 - 32	0.4 - 0.8 4 - 8	0.50 S
Pyraclostrobin TTFA	> 1.6 > 128	0.4 - 0.8 8 - 16	0.31 S	> 1.6 > 128	0.1 - 0.2 4 - 8	0.09 S	> 1.6 4 - 8	0.05 - 0.1 1 - 2	0.28 S
AntimycinA TTFA	> 1.6 > 128	> 1.6 > 128	1.00 N	> 1.6 > 128	0.8 - 1.6 32 - 64	0.75 A	> 1.6 > 128	0.00 - 0.05 8 - 16	0.08 S

¹ Compound interactions were determined as Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Indices (FICI), described by Isenberg ([47]; See also Methods). For calculation purposes, the higher concentration in each column was used. A, additive; N, neutral; S, synergistic. Complex II inhibitors (μg/ml)- Carboxin, Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA); Complex III inhibitors (mM)- Kresoxim methyl (Kre-Me), Pyraclostrobin, Antimycin A. Drug combinations for calculating FIC indices were: (Combinations A) Kre-Me + carboxin, pyraclostrobin + carboxin, and antimycin A + carboxin, and (Combinations B) Kre-Me + TTFA, pyraclostrobin + TTFA, and antimycin A + TTFA.
² Since antifungal test was performed up to 1.6 mM of strobilurins or antimycin A (See Methods), 3.2 mM (doubling of 1.6 mM) was used for calculation purposes.
³ Since antifungal test was performed up to 128 μg/ml of carboxin or TTFA (See Methods), 256 μg/ml (doubling of 128 μg/ml) was used for calculation purposes.

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ISSN: 1476-0711

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