Modulating the transcriptomic profile of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation by antibiotics in combination with zinc sulfate

Table 2 Antibiotic and antibiofilm susceptibility patterns

Antibiotic	Class	MIC (µg/ml)	Susceptibility	MBIC (µg/ml)		Fold change	Combination efficacy
Antibiotic	Class	MIC (µg/ml)	Susceptibility	Antibiotic	Antibiotic + ZnSO₄	Fold change	Combination efficacy
Ceftazidime	Cephalosporins	16	R	512	32^a	16	Synergism
Ceftriaxone	Cephalosporins	1024	R	2560	128^a	20	Synergism
Cefotaxime	Cephalosporins	64	R	512	128^a	4	Synergism
Cefepime	Cephalosporins	128	R	256	64^a	4	Synergism
Cefpirome	Cephalosporins	32	-	512	64^a	8	Synergism
Gatifloxacin	Fluoroquinolones	0.5	S	4^a	16	4	Antagonism
Ciprofloxacin	Fluoroquinolones	0.5	S	4^a	16	4	Antagonism
Moxifloxacin	Fluoroquinolones	4	-	8^a	16	2	Antagonism
Ofloxacin	Fluoroquinolones	4	I	8^a	64	2	Antagonism
Kanamycin	Aminoglycosides	128	R	512	128^a	4	Synergism
Gentamicin	Aminoglycosides	16	R	64	32^a	2	Synergism
Amikacin	Aminoglycosides	4	S	8	2^a	4	Synergism
Ertapenem	Carbapenems	4	R	8	1^a	8	Synergism
Meropenem	Carbapenems	0.0625	S	0.5^a	2	4	Antagonism

The susceptibility profile was based on CLSI [17]
R resistant, I intermediate, and S sensitive
^aOne-fold reductions below these concentrations were considered as sub-MBIC and applied to evaluate the transcriptomic profile of biofilm formation genes

ISSN: 1476-0711