Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
First author | Country | Year | Patients | Type of infection | Type of infection | Diagnostic method | Infection rate (%) | Resistance to (%) | Primary treatment failure | Ref | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | macrolide | tetracycline | fluoroquinolone | DMF/MDR | |||||||||
Gamova | Russia | 2003 | NR | NR | CUID | Ureaplasma spp. | MIC | NR | 23.1 | 19.5 | NR | 1.6 | NR | 41 |
Tagg | Australia | 2013 | NR | NR | Urethritis, cervicitis, PID | M. genitalium | Sequencing | 76.88 | 33.56 | NR | 9.09 | 9.79 | NR | 51 |
Kikuchi | Japan | 2014 | NR | NR | NR | M. genitalium | Sequencing | 56.6 | 25 | NR | 29.41 | 17.64 | NR | 50 |
Deguchi | Japan | 2015 | 0 | 149 | Sex workers | M. genitalium | Sequencing | 14.1 | 47.1 | NR | 36.8 | 25.0 | NR | 45 |
Deguchi | Japan | 2016 | NR | NR | NR | M. genitalium | Sequencing | NR | 7.01 | NR | 23.46 | 26.31 | NR | 37 |
Zhu | China | 2016 | 7374 | 0 | Reproductive disorders | M. hominis | MIC | 0.4 | NR | NR | NR | 33.78 | NR | 39 |
Zhu | China | 2016 | 7374 | 0 | Reproductive disorders | Ureaplasma spp. | MIC | 42.3 | NR | NR | NR | 1.09 | NR | 39 |
Roy | France | 2016 | NR | NR | NR | M. genitalium | Sequencing | NR | 17.20 | NR | 6 | 1.2 | NR | 46 |
Murray | Australia | 2017 | 112 | 43 | NR | M. genitalium | Sequencing | 90.32 | NR | NR | 13.6 | 8.6 | 34.83 | 47 |
Barbera | Spain | 2017 | 62 | 20 | Urethritis, PID | M. genitalium | Sequencing | NR | 35 | NR | 8 | 4.1 | 13.51 | 28 |
Xiao | USA | 2017 | 158 | 0 | Urethritis (HIV/MSM) | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | 17.1 | 70.37 | NR | 29.62 | 18.51 | NR | 29 |
Shipitsyna | Russia | 2017 | NR | NR | Urethritis, cervicitis | M. genitalium | Sequencing | NR | 5.30 | NR | 6 | 1.04 | NR | 33 |
Odom | UK | 2018 | 157 | 0 | Urethritis (HIV/MSM) | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | 17.2 | 74.07 | NR | 29.62 | 24 | NR | 31 |
Hamasuna | Japan | 2018 | 148 | 0 | Urethritis | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | NR | 20.52 | NR | 35.09 | 12.5 | 2.64 | 32 |
Mulligan | Ireland | 2019 | 400 | 0 | Urethritis, asymptomatic (HIV/MSM) | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | 3 | 75 | NR | 33.3 | 33.3 | NR | 34 |
Xiao | USA | 2019 | 58 | 58 | Urethritis, cervicitis | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | 12.1 | 60.7 | NR | 11.1 | 11.1 | NR | 35 |
Boujemaa | Tunisia | 2020 | NR | NR | Infertile, gynecological infections | Ureaplasma spp. | MIC | 9.55 | 100 | 37.62 | 100 | 37.62 | NR | 36 |
Biyik | Turkey | 2020 | NR | NR | asymptomatic | Ureaplasma spp. | MIC | 43.1 | 39.3 | 46.4 | 96.4 | 35.7 | NR | 43 |
Dumke | Germany | 2021 | 56 | 2 | Urethritis, asymptomatic | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | NR | 56.9 | 6.8 | 10.3 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 30 |
Ma | China | 2021 | 33 | 225 | Urethritis, cervicitis, PID | Ureaplasma spp. | Sequencing | NR | 32.95 | 17.44 | 89.92 | 15.12 | NR | 40 |
Nijhuis | Netherlands | 2021 | 811 | 1781 | NR | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | 4.1 | 40.6 | NR | 8.1 | 7.6 | NR | 49 |
Braam | Netherlands | 2022 | 550 | 119 | Urethritis, cervicitis, asymptomatic | M. genitalium | Real-time PCR | NR | 62 | NR | 8.6 | 6.87 | 2 | 38 |
Xiao | USA | 2022 | NR | NR | Invasive infections | M. salivarium | MIC | NR | 100 | 14.3 | 25.7 | 14.3 | NR | 42 |
Day | UK | 2022 | NR | NR | STI clinic | M. genitalium | RT-PCR | 17.75 | 71 | NR | 8 | 7 | NR | 44 |
Baetselier | Belgium | 2022 | 148 | 64 | Urethritis, Cervicitis, asymptomatic | M. genitalium | RT-PCR | NR | 74.3 | NR | 39.7 | 31.3 | NR | 48 |
Li | China | 2023 | 60 | 149 | Urethritis, cervicitis, PID, asymptomatic | M. genitalium | SAT | 1.30 | 64 | 22.5 | 67.5 | 56.3 | 28.29 | 27 |
Edelstein | Russia | 2023 | 170 | 43 | NR | M. genitalium | Sequencing | NR | 25.82 | NR | 17.37 | 7.04 | NR | 52 |