Distinguishing clinical characteristics of central nervous system tuberculosis in immunodeficient and non-immunodeficient individuals: a 12-year retrospective study

Table 3 Factors associated with overall unfavorable outcomes in HIV-infected patients with tuberculous meningitis

Factor	Univariate		Multivariate
Factor	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
The final diagnosis of TBM
Definite	1		-	-
Probable	1.73 (0.44–6.79)	0.430	-	-
Possible	0.41 (0.14–1.17)	0.096	-	-
Clinical characteristics
BMI	0.72 (0.53–0.96)	0.026	-	-
Liver disease	3.33 (0.57–19.44)	0.181	-	-
Impaired cognitive function	2.33 (0.92–5.90)	0.074	-	-
GCS score	0.64 (0.50–0.83)	0.001	-	-
Modified BMRC TBM grade III	7.83 (1.54–39.90)	0.013	20.51 (2.10-200.40)	0.009
CD₄ cell count level	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	0.022	-	-
CNS CT or MRI findings
Meningeal enhancement	2.84 (1.10–7.33)	0.031	5.75 (1.63–20.27)	0.007
Hydrocephalus	3.54 (1.35–9.29)	0.010	-	-
Cerebral infarction	2.73 (1.05–7.16)	0.040	-	-
CSF findings
%neutrophils	1.02 (1.001–1.04)	0.039	-	-
%lymphocytes	0.99 (0.97-1.00)	0.054	-	-
Direct PCR MTB positive, n (%)	3.91 (1.06–14.42)	0.041	-	-
Initial laboratory testing
WBC count	1.001 (0.99–1.002)	0.108	-	-
%neutrophils	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.017	-	-
%lymphocytes	0.90 (0.85–0.96)	0.001	0.87 (0.81–0.94)	0.001
Cr	0.56 (0.13–2.44)	0.440	-	-
Albumin	0.59 (0.32–1.08)	0.088	-	-

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BMRC, British Medical Research Council; CNS, central nervous system; Cr, creatinine; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CT, computerized tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MTB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; OR, odds ratio; TBM, tuberculous meningitis; WBC, white blood cell

ISSN: 1476-0711