Table 5 Patient-dependent risk factors for EVDRI
From: External ventriculostomy-associated infection reduction after updating a care bundle
Case No | No EVDRI | EVDRI | Bivariate | Logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EVD infection | 198 | n = 175 | n = 23 | |||
Age (mean ± SD) | 55 ± 15 | 53 ± 16 | NS | |||
Gender | Female | 108 | 96/175 (55%) | 12/23 (52%) | NS | |
Diagnosis at admission | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 85 | 75/175 (43%) | 10/23 (44%) | NS | |
Intracerebral hemorrhage | 48 | 44/175 (25%) | 4/23 (8%) | |||
Tumor | 28 | 23/175 (13%) | 5/23 (22%) | |||
Traumatic brain injury | 8 | 7/175 (4%) | 1/23 (4%) | |||
Other | 27 | 25/175 (14%) | 2/23 (9%) | |||
GCS median (IQR) | At hospital admission | 13 (7–15) | 13 (8–15) | NS | ||
GCS median (IQR) | At ICU admission | 9 (5–14) | 9 (7–15) | NS | ||
Severity scores at ICU admission | Apache III (mean ± SD) | 51 ± 26 | 55 ± 27 | NS | ||
SOFA median (IQR) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | NS | |||
Previous open neurosurgery | 74 | 61/175 (35%) | 13/23 (57%) | 0.043 | 2.7 (95% CI, 1.1–6.8) | |
Intraventricular Hemorrhage | 131 | 116/175 (66%) | 15/23 (65%) | NS | ||
Concomitant systemic infection | 167 | 144/175 (82%) | 23/23 (100%) | 0.028 | NS | |
Nasal colonization | 5 | 4/175 (2%) | 1/23 (4%) | NS | ||
Rectal colonization | 33 | 25/174 (14%) | 8/23 (35%) | 0.014 | NS | |
Other treatments: | Barbiturate | 11 | 9/175 (5%) | 2/23 (9%) | NS | |
Corticosteroids | 109 | 95/175 (54%) | 14/23 (61%) | NS | ||
Urokinase | 5 | 4/175 (2%) | 1/23 (4%) | NS | ||
Indication for EVD | Hydrocephalus | 110 | 96/175 (55%) | 14/23 (61%) | NS | |
Intraventricular hemorrhage | 80 | 72/175 (41%) | 8/23 (35%) | |||
Other | 8 | 7/175 (4%) | 1/23 (4%) | |||
Hospital days before EVD | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–9) | NS |