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Table 2 Identified bacteria in diagnosis sample

From: French national epidemiology of bacterial superinfections in ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients infected with COVID-19: the COVAP study

Micro-organisms

Overall (n = 950)

COVID + patients (n = 803)

COVID- patients (n = 148)

p-value

Gram-positive bacteria (n; % of the group)

239 (25.1)

199 (24.8)

40 (27.0)

Staphylococcus sp. (n; % of the Gram-positive bacteria)

166 (69.5)

139 (69.8)

27 (67.5)

S. aureus (n; % of the Staphylococci)

155 (93.4)

130 (93.5)

25 (92.6)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

(CoNS; n; % of the Staphylococci)

11 (6.6)

9 (6.5)

2 (7.4)

S. epidermidis (n; % of the CoNS)

8 (72.7)

6 (66.7)

2 (100)

S. haemolyticus (n; % of the CoNS)

2 (18.2)

2 (22.2)

S. lugdunensis (n; % of the CoNS)

1 (9.1)

1 (11.1)

Streptococcus sp. (n; % of the Gram-positive bacteria)

34 (14.2)

27 (13.6)

7 (17.5)

S. pneumoniae (n; % of the Streptococci)

15 (44.1)

11 (40.7)

4 (57.1)

S. agalactiae (n; % of the Streptococci)

3 (8.8)

2 (7.4)

1 (14.3)

S. pyogenes (n; % of the Streptococci)

1 (2.9)

1 (14.3)

 

Other (n; % of the Streptococci)

15 (44.1)

14 (51.9)

1 (14.3)

 

S. pseudopneumoniae

1

1

S. milleri group

14

13

1

Enterococcus sp. (n; % of the Gram-positive bacteria)

29 (12.1)

23 (11.6)

6 (15.0)

E. faecalis (n; % of the Enterococci)

26 (89.7)

22 (95.7)

4 (66.7)

 < 0.05

E. faecium (n; % of the Enterococci)

3 (10.3)

1 (4.3)

2 (33.3)

Corynebacterium sp. (n; % of the Gram-positive bacteria)

8 (3.3)

7 (3.5)

C. accolens (n; % of the Corynebacteria)

2 (25.0)

2 (28.6)

C. amycolatum (n; % of the Corynebacteria)

1 (12.5)

1 (14.3)

C. striatum (n; % of the Corynebacteria)

4 (50.0)

4 (57.1)

Othera

 Gram-negative bacteria (n; % of the group)

711 (74.8)

604 (75.2)

108 (73.0)

 Klebsiella sp. (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

153 (21.5)

132 (21.9)

21 (19.4)

 K. aerogenes (n; % of the Klebsiella spp.)

73 (47.7)

66 (50.0)

7 (33.3)

 < 0.05

 K. pneumoniae complex (n; % of the Klebsiella spp.)

65 (42.5)

55 (41.7)

10 (47.6)

 K. oxytoca (n; % of the Klebsiella spp.)

10 (6.5)

7 (5.3)

3 (14.3)

 K. varicola (n; % of the Klebsiella spp.)

4 (2.6)

4 (3.0)

 K. ornithinolytica (n; % of the Klebsiella spp.)

1 (0.7)

1 (4.8)

 Escherichia coli (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

84 (11.8)

70 (11.6)

14 (13.0)

 Enterobacter sp. (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

65 (9.1)

55 (9.1)

10 (9.3)

 E. cloacae complex (n; % of the Enterobacter spp.)

63 (96.9)

53 (96.4)

10 (100)

 

 E. bugandensis (n; % of the Enterobacter spp.)

2 (3.1)

2 (3.6)

 Serratia marcescens (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

42 (5.9)

33 (5.5)

9 (8.3)

 Proteus sp. (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

34 (4.8)

26 (4.3)

8 (7.4)

 P. mirabilis (n; % of the Proteus spp.)

29 (85.3)

21 (80.8)

8 (100)

 P. vulgaris (n; % of the Proteus spp.)

3 (8.8)

3 (11.5)

 P. hauseri (n; % of the Proteus spp.)

1 (2.9)

1 (3.8)

 P. penneri (n; % of the Proteus spp.)

1 (2.9)

1 (3.8)

 Citrobacter koseri (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

29 (4.1)

26 (4.3)

3 (2.8)

 Hafnia alvei (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

24 (3.4)

21 (3.5)

3 (2.8)

 Morganella morganii (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

20 (2.8)

18 (3.0)

2 (1.9)

 Pseudomonas sp. (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

162 (22.8)

144 (23.8)

18 (16.7)

 < 0.05

 P. aeruginosa (n; % of the Pseudomonas spp.)

159 (98.1)

141 (97.9)

18 (100)

 Pseudomonas sp. (excl. P. aeruginosa) (n; % of the Pseudomonas spp.)

3 (1.9)

3 (2.1)

 

 Acinetobacter sp. (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

21 (3.0)

19 (3.1)

2 (1.9)

 A. baumannii (n; % of the Acinetobacter spp.)

14 (66.7)

12 (63.2)

2 (100)

 Acinetobacter sp. (excl. A. baumannii) (n; % of the Acinetobacter spp.)

7 (33.3)

7 (37.8)

 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

(n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

25 (3.5)

21 (3.5)

4 (3.7)

 Achromobacter dentrificans/xylosoxidans

(n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

5 (0.7)

4 (0.7)

1 (0.9)

 Haemophilus sp. (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

35 (4.9)

26 (4.3)

9 (8.3)

 H. influenzae (n; % of the Haemophilus spp.)

33 (94.3)

24 (92.3)

9 (100)

 Haemophilus sp. (excl. H. influenzae) (n; % of the Haemophilus spp.)

2 (5.7)

2 (7.7)

 Moraxella catarrhalis (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

3 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

1 (0.9)

 Burkholderia sp. (n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

5 (0.7)

5 (0.8)

 B. cepacia (n; % of the Burkoholderia spp.)

3 (60.0)

3 (60.0)

 B. gladioli (n; % of the Burkoholderia spp.)

2 (40.0)

2 (40.0)

 Otherb(n; % of the Gram-negative bacteria)

4 (0.6)

2 (0.3)

2 (1.9)

  1. aGram-positive other bacteria: Alloscardovia omnicolens, Lactobacillus casei
  2. bGram-negative other bacteria: Neisseria sp., Prevotella sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis